Assessment of surface water pollution carrying capacity and management strategies in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam

Surface water quality management is essential for the protection of water resources in Lam Dong province, particularly in the context of rapid urbanization and socio-economic development. This study evaluates the current status of surface water quality, identifies major pollution sources, and integrates monitoring data with predictive simulations to estimate pollutant loads from various sectors as well as the pollution carrying capacity of rivers and lakes in the region. Results indicate a declining trend in surface water quality between 2019 and 2023, primarily attributed to discharges from agricultural, livestock, domestic, industrial, aquaculture, and service-related activities. Forecasts for 2026 and 2030 suggest that the carrying capacity of many major rivers will continue to decrease, while most irrigation reservoirs are likely to retain the ability to receive pollutant loads. Based on these findings, the study proposes a set of management measures focused on improving institutional coordination, strengthening public awareness, and enhancing technical solutions to protect and improve water quality. These recommendations aim to support sustainable water resource management and environmental protection in Lam Dong province.