Sodium stearate-mediated heck and heck cassar sonogashira reactions: aqueous micellar catalysis at room temperature

This study presents a novel and efficient protocol for Heck and Heck Cassar Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions, employing sodium stearate surfactant (SSS) as a micellar catalyst in aqueous media. Sodium stearate, a readily available and cost-effective soap-based surfactant, demonstrates superior catalytic performance compared to conventional surfactants such as TPGS-750M and traditional heating methods. The proposed methodology offers several distinct advantages, including reduced manufacturing costs, improved isolated yields, enhanced scalability, minimized waste generation, and increased chemical recyclability. These factors collectively make this approach both economically and environmentally sustainable. Sodium stearate efficiently facilitates high reaction conversions, leading to excellent yields of the desired coupling products under mild aqueous conditions. This protocol proves particularly valuable for the syn thesis of essential drug molecules, including Kedarcidin chromophore, 5-fluorouracil, Dynemicin-A, Pyr rhoxanthin, and Phorbazole-A. The development of this alternative address’s critical challenges in pharmaceutical research and industrial applications by enabling the efficient production of key pharmacophores.