Potent antiurolithiasis activity of Phaseolus vulgaris aqueous extract and its nano-formulation on ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats.

Introduction: The proper allopathy treatment is unavailable, and the recurrent is very commonly observed for urolithiasis; therefore, there is a need to find out phytochemical options to prevent and treat urolithiasis. Our current research focuses on phytochemical alternatives as it was reported that the bean aqueous extract is used for treating kidney stones as a home remedy.

Materials and methods: Nano-aqueous extract of Phaseolus vulgaris (NAPV) suspension was formulated and evaluated for nano-formulation, the mean particle size was 327 nm, and the zeta potential was found to be -5 mV. We inducted urolithiasis by ethylene glycol-induced rat model as a standard model for evaluating anti-urolithiasis activity. Urolithiasis in rats was successfully induced in all 4 treated groups with ethylene glycol except the control group for 4 weeks as approved by CCSEA. The standard group, Test-1, test-2 were treated with aqueous extract of Phaseolus vulgaris (APV), and NAPV, respectively.

Results: The Cystone, APV, and NAPV treated groups normalized the serum, urine biochemical parameters, and kidney function compared to the ethylene glycol-induced disease control group. The kidney tissue anti-oxidants such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione were moderately reversed for the treated groups. The histopathological examination demonstrates the cystone, APV, and NAPV-treated groups better recovered from kidney stone injury compared to the disease control group.

Conclusion: The APV and nano-formulation effectively reversed the urolithiasis symptoms similar to standard group cystone. Therefore, the APV is one of the potent phytochemical alternatives for the prevention, treatment, and management of urolithiasis.