Comprehensive Spatial Investigation of Tuberculosis Dynamics and Affecting Factors in Şanlıurfa, Türkiye (2016–2023)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a critical public health issue, particularly in regions with significant socio-economic disparities. This study provides a comprehensive spatial analysis of TB dynamics in Şanlıurfa, Türkiye, covering the period from 2016 to 2023. Utilizing Geographic Information Systems, epidemiological data, and advanced statistical techniques, the research examines the spatial distribution and temporal trends of TB cases within this region. By integrating patient data with demographic, environmental, and socio-economic variables, the study assesses the complex factors influencing TB incidence and prevalence. The results indicate significant spatial clustering of TB cases, with the highest concentrations in areas characterized by high population density, lower socio-economic status, limited healthcare accessibility, and poor environmental conditions. Temporal trends reveal a gradual decline in TB incidence over the study period; however, certain hotspots persist, underscoring the need for sustained and targeted interventions. Furthermore, the study identifies a correlation between TB prevalence and inadequate living conditions, emphasizing the role of socio-economic improvement in disease control. These findings provide crucial insights for policymakers and public health officials, facilitating the development of more effective, evidence-based TB control strategies tailored to the unique socio-economic and geographical landscape of Şanlıurfa.