Enhancing and Modelling of Tomato Phytochemicals With LED Storage Treatment for Improved Market Shelf Life

Tomato phytochemicals are secondary metabolites that help prevent chronic diseases in humans. However, environmental and biological factors can degrade these compounds in market-displayed conditions, making preservation crucial. This study investigates the effects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of different wavelengths on tomato phytochemicals in a commercial environment. Tomatoes were pretreated for 5 days under four lighting conditions: 5 red:1 blue (5R:1B), 5 blue:1 red (5B:1R), white LEDs and darkness (control). They were then transferred to a market setting for phytochemical analysis. Results showed significant increases in ascorbic acid: 25% under 5R:1B and 11.7% under white LEDs. Total carotenoids increased by 60.3% (5R:1B), 36.8% (5B:1R) and 35.1% (white LEDs). Phenolic concentrations rose by 36.8% under white LEDs and 7.7% under 5R:1B LED, whilst flavonoid levels improved under white and 5B:1R LEDs. Quadratic regression modelling effectively captured phytochemical changes over time, proving more accurate than other regression models in predicting trends and offering superior insights for optimising LED use in postharvest handling. These findings highlight the potential of LED treatments to preserve phytochemical quality, enhance consumer health and optimise market strategies for increased profitability.