优化表面扩散BGO晶体的闪烁光收集效率以提高KAPAE的灵敏度

IF 1.9 3区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI:10.1109/TNS.2025.3552904

D. W. Jeong;E. Choi;J. Y. Cho;Nguyen Thanh Luan;H. Park;H. W. Park;Vladimir Shlegel;H. J. Kim

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引用次数: 0

摘要

庆北大学高级正电子湮灭实验（KAPAE）的目标是寻找罕见的正电子衰变。KAPAE的一期探测器配备了表面抛光的锗酸铋（Bi4Ge3O12， BGO）闪烁晶体，用于观察罕见的可见衰变。选择BGO闪烁晶体是因为其高伽马探测效率、高密度和高有效原子序数，使其适合各种应用的伽马射线探测，包括医学成像和高能物理实验。然而，由于BGO的高折射率为2.15，因此会产生大量的内部光捕获，这大大降低了闪烁光收集的效率。第二阶段探测器的重点是通过提高光收集效率和能量分辨率，同时利用表面扩散的BGO晶体最大限度地减少死区，来探测正电子的不可见衰变。本文研究了$3\ × 3\ × 15$ cm3表面扩散BGO晶体的光收集效率，表明与抛光表面相比，其光收率提高了约22%。使用Geant4工具包的蒙特卡罗模拟证实了这一改进，该模拟预测了光收集效率的类似增强。在662 keV下，扩散BGO晶体的能量分辨率从平均12%提高到10.8%。这些结果提高了KAPAE二期探测器对不可见正电子衰变的灵敏度。表面扩散BGO晶体的光收集效率和能量分辨率的这些改进使它们成为需要精确伽马能量测量的实验中更广泛应用的合适材料。在本文中，我们提出了KAPAE探测器的优化，为在粒子物理和其他高能应用中设计和提高闪烁探测器的性能提供了见解。

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Optimization of Scintillation Light Collection Efficiency in BGO Crystals With Surface Diffusion for Enhanced Sensitivity in the KAPAE

The Kyungpook National University (KNU) Advanced Positronium Annihilation Experiment (KAPAE) aims to search for rare decays of positronium. The Phase I detector of KAPAE, equipped with bismuth germanate (Bi4Ge3O12, BGO) scintillation crystals with a polished surface, was designed to observe rare visible decays. The BGO scintillation crystals were chosen for their high gamma detection efficiency, high density, and high effective atomic number, making them suitable for gamma-ray detection in various applications, including medical imaging and high-energy physics experiments. However, due to its high refractive index of 2.15, BGO experiences considerable internal light trapping, which significantly reduces the efficiency of scintillation light collection. The Phase II detector focuses on detecting invisible decays of positronium by improving the light collection efficiency and energy resolution while minimizing dead areas using surface-diffused BGO crystals. This article investigates the light collection efficiency of

$3\times 3\times 15$

cm3 surface-diffused BGO crystals, demonstrating an approximately 22% higher light yield compared to polished surfaces. This improvement is confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations using the Geant4 toolkit, which predict similar enhancements in the light collection efficiency. The energy resolution is improved from an average of 12% to 10.8% with the diffused BGO crystals at 662 keV. These results enhance the sensitivity of the KAPAE Phase II detector to invisible decays of positronium. These improvements in the light collection efficiency and energy resolution of surface-diffused BGO crystals make them suitable materials for broader applications in experiments that require precise gamma energy measurement. In this article, we present the optimization of the KAPAE detector, providing insights for the design and enhancement of scintillation detector performance in particle physics and other high-energy applications.

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来源期刊

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

27.80%

发文量

314

审稿时长

6.2 months

期刊介绍： The IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is a publication of the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society. It is viewed as the primary source of technical information in many of the areas it covers. As judged by JCR impact factor, TNS consistently ranks in the top five journals in the category of Nuclear Science & Technology. It has one of the higher immediacy indices, indicating that the information it publishes is viewed as timely, and has a relatively long citation half-life, indicating that the published information also is viewed as valuable for a number of years. The IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is published bimonthly. Its scope includes all aspects of the theory and application of nuclear science and engineering. It focuses on instrumentation for the detection and measurement of ionizing radiation; particle accelerators and their controls; nuclear medicine and its application; effects of radiation on materials, components, and systems; reactor instrumentation and controls; and measurement of radiation in space.