Ali A Elkaffas, Abdullah Alshehri, Abdullah Ali Alqahtani, Abdulellah F Almudahi, Khalid K Alanazi, Feras Abdulqader Alhalabi, Mohammed Ali Abuelqomsan, Ali R Alqahtani
{"title":"用可变粘接方法粘接CAD/CAM树脂基陶瓷的铣削和3D打印超薄咬合贴面的抗断裂性能","authors":"Ali A Elkaffas, Abdullah Alshehri, Abdullah Ali Alqahtani, Abdulellah F Almudahi, Khalid K Alanazi, Feras Abdulqader Alhalabi, Mohammed Ali Abuelqomsan, Ali R Alqahtani","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06543-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pathological tooth wear is becoming an increasingly serious societal issue. Occasionally, occlusal veneers can stand in for more conventional prosthetic restorations like crowns, inlays, or onlays. Thus, this study aimed to assess the fracture resistance of resin-based ceramic ultra-thin occlusal veneers made by milling and 3D printing, cemented using various luting techniques, following thermomechanical cyclic loading.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study utilized milled resin-based ceramic (Cerasmart<sup>®</sup>) and 3D printed resin-based ceramic (VarseoSmile Crown plus A3). Sixty specimens were manufactured (n = 60) and allocated into two groups (n = 30) based on the material: milled or 3D printed resin-based ceramic. Subsequently, each group was further divided into three subgroups (n = 10) according to the luting approach. Specimens were luted using adhesive resin cement (RC) (RelyX Ultimate), bulk-fill flowable composite (BF) (Surefil<sup>®</sup> SDR™flow), and preheated bulk-fill nano-hybrid resin composite (PN) (Tetric EvoCeram). The supporting materials were anatomical 3D printed resin dies (Rigid 10 K). Fracture resistance was evaluated with a universal testing machine, followed by a statistical analysis of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fracture resistance was shown to be significantly affected by both the material type (p < 0.001) and the luting approach (p < 0.001). Statistically significant difference was detected between milled and 3-D printed groups (P = 0.001). A statistically significant difference in fracture resistance was observed between the milled PN group and the RC milled group (P = 0.009). Furthermore, a significant difference was found in fracture resistance between the 3D printed PN and the 3D printed RC groups (P = 0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The resin cement variable strongly correlates with the fracture resistance of 3D printed and milled resin-based ceramics. The highest fracture resistance was observed in milled resin-based ceramics with PN, while the lowest was noted in 3D printed resin-based ceramics with BF.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275452/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Fracture resistance of milled and 3D printed ultra-thin occlusal veneers made of CAD/CAM resin-based ceramics cemented by variable luting approaches.\",\"authors\":\"Ali A Elkaffas, Abdullah Alshehri, Abdullah Ali Alqahtani, Abdulellah F Almudahi, Khalid K Alanazi, Feras Abdulqader Alhalabi, Mohammed Ali Abuelqomsan, Ali R Alqahtani\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s12903-025-06543-9\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pathological tooth wear is becoming an increasingly serious societal issue. Occasionally, occlusal veneers can stand in for more conventional prosthetic restorations like crowns, inlays, or onlays. Thus, this study aimed to assess the fracture resistance of resin-based ceramic ultra-thin occlusal veneers made by milling and 3D printing, cemented using various luting techniques, following thermomechanical cyclic loading.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study utilized milled resin-based ceramic (Cerasmart<sup>®</sup>) and 3D printed resin-based ceramic (VarseoSmile Crown plus A3). Sixty specimens were manufactured (n = 60) and allocated into two groups (n = 30) based on the material: milled or 3D printed resin-based ceramic. Subsequently, each group was further divided into three subgroups (n = 10) according to the luting approach. Specimens were luted using adhesive resin cement (RC) (RelyX Ultimate), bulk-fill flowable composite (BF) (Surefil<sup>®</sup> SDR™flow), and preheated bulk-fill nano-hybrid resin composite (PN) (Tetric EvoCeram). The supporting materials were anatomical 3D printed resin dies (Rigid 10 K). Fracture resistance was evaluated with a universal testing machine, followed by a statistical analysis of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fracture resistance was shown to be significantly affected by both the material type (p < 0.001) and the luting approach (p < 0.001). Statistically significant difference was detected between milled and 3-D printed groups (P = 0.001). A statistically significant difference in fracture resistance was observed between the milled PN group and the RC milled group (P = 0.009). Furthermore, a significant difference was found in fracture resistance between the 3D printed PN and the 3D printed RC groups (P = 0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The resin cement variable strongly correlates with the fracture resistance of 3D printed and milled resin-based ceramics. The highest fracture resistance was observed in milled resin-based ceramics with PN, while the lowest was noted in 3D printed resin-based ceramics with BF.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":9072,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"BMC Oral Health\",\"volume\":\"25 1\",\"pages\":\"1204\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275452/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"BMC Oral Health\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06543-9\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"BMC Oral Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06543-9","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Fracture resistance of milled and 3D printed ultra-thin occlusal veneers made of CAD/CAM resin-based ceramics cemented by variable luting approaches.
Background: Pathological tooth wear is becoming an increasingly serious societal issue. Occasionally, occlusal veneers can stand in for more conventional prosthetic restorations like crowns, inlays, or onlays. Thus, this study aimed to assess the fracture resistance of resin-based ceramic ultra-thin occlusal veneers made by milling and 3D printing, cemented using various luting techniques, following thermomechanical cyclic loading.
Methods: The study utilized milled resin-based ceramic (Cerasmart®) and 3D printed resin-based ceramic (VarseoSmile Crown plus A3). Sixty specimens were manufactured (n = 60) and allocated into two groups (n = 30) based on the material: milled or 3D printed resin-based ceramic. Subsequently, each group was further divided into three subgroups (n = 10) according to the luting approach. Specimens were luted using adhesive resin cement (RC) (RelyX Ultimate), bulk-fill flowable composite (BF) (Surefil® SDR™flow), and preheated bulk-fill nano-hybrid resin composite (PN) (Tetric EvoCeram). The supporting materials were anatomical 3D printed resin dies (Rigid 10 K). Fracture resistance was evaluated with a universal testing machine, followed by a statistical analysis of the results.
Results: The fracture resistance was shown to be significantly affected by both the material type (p < 0.001) and the luting approach (p < 0.001). Statistically significant difference was detected between milled and 3-D printed groups (P = 0.001). A statistically significant difference in fracture resistance was observed between the milled PN group and the RC milled group (P = 0.009). Furthermore, a significant difference was found in fracture resistance between the 3D printed PN and the 3D printed RC groups (P = 0.008).
Conclusions: The resin cement variable strongly correlates with the fracture resistance of 3D printed and milled resin-based ceramics. The highest fracture resistance was observed in milled resin-based ceramics with PN, while the lowest was noted in 3D printed resin-based ceramics with BF.
期刊介绍：
BMC Oral Health is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of the prevention, diagnosis and management of disorders of the mouth, teeth and gums, as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology, and epidemiology.
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