Valentina Graci, Madeline Griffith, Thomas Seacrist
{"title":"重新定位前倾助推器座椅儿童乘员在前斜低加速度冲击。","authors":"Valentina Graci, Madeline Griffith, Thomas Seacrist","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2526611","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recently, pre-pretensioner equipped seatbelts (PPT) were found to be effective in repositioning forward-leaning adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the PPT on booster-seated forward-leaning children during sled-simulated frontal oblique low-acceleration impacts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight child volunteers (mean: 6.6 ± 0.5 years, four males, four females; weight 24.2 ± 2.1 kg; seated height 64.4 ± 3.9 cm) were seated on a low-acceleration impact sled in a high-back belt-positioning booster seat (BPB) on a rear vehicle bench seat restrained with a three-point seatbelt with a PPT. Volunteers were exposed to a far-side impact 30° from frontal (peak acceleration 1 g, duration 265 ms). Four randomized testing conditions were examined and repeated twice: seatbelt conditions with PPT (85 N at 250 ms prior sled onset) and without PPT; and a standard and a forward-leaning posture. A 3D motion capture system captured participants' kinematics. Repeated measure three-way ANOVAs tested the effect of seatbelt condition, posture, and repetition on head and trunk peak forward displacement. All displacements were measured relative to the initial position.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PPT reduced peak forward head displacements in both standard (PPT 103 ± 21 mm vs no-PPT 165 ± 19 mm) and forward-leaning (PPT 42 ± 37 mm vs no-PPT 138 ± 25 mm) postures (<i>p</i> < .001). In the forward-leaning posture with the PPT, the maximum trunk displacement was the initial position: the peak trunk displacement during the sled pulse was less forward than the initial trunk position. Overall, the peak forward trunk displacement was greater in the standard posture (50 ± 37 mm) than in the forward-leaning posture (29 ± 45 mm) (<i>p</i> < .001) and was greater without the PPT (79 ± 13 mm) than with the PPT (1 ± 18 mm). Reduced values with the PPT were also found in the lateral head and trunk displacements (<i>p</i> < .005) regardless of initial posture.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The PPT reduced head and trunk displacements in forward-leaning postures and prevented the trunk from moving further forward from the initial forward-leaning position. A PPT, with a relatively low force of 85 N, has the potential to reduce out-of-position postures in booster-seated children in nonstandard seating positions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Repositioning forward-leaning booster-seated child occupants in frontal-oblique low-acceleration impacts.\",\"authors\":\"Valentina Graci, Madeline Griffith, Thomas Seacrist\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/15389588.2025.2526611\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recently, pre-pretensioner equipped seatbelts (PPT) were found to be effective in repositioning forward-leaning adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the PPT on booster-seated forward-leaning children during sled-simulated frontal oblique low-acceleration impacts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight child volunteers (mean: 6.6 ± 0.5 years, four males, four females; weight 24.2 ± 2.1 kg; seated height 64.4 ± 3.9 cm) were seated on a low-acceleration impact sled in a high-back belt-positioning booster seat (BPB) on a rear vehicle bench seat restrained with a three-point seatbelt with a PPT. Volunteers were exposed to a far-side impact 30° from frontal (peak acceleration 1 g, duration 265 ms). Four randomized testing conditions were examined and repeated twice: seatbelt conditions with PPT (85 N at 250 ms prior sled onset) and without PPT; and a standard and a forward-leaning posture. A 3D motion capture system captured participants' kinematics. Repeated measure three-way ANOVAs tested the effect of seatbelt condition, posture, and repetition on head and trunk peak forward displacement. All displacements were measured relative to the initial position.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PPT reduced peak forward head displacements in both standard (PPT 103 ± 21 mm vs no-PPT 165 ± 19 mm) and forward-leaning (PPT 42 ± 37 mm vs no-PPT 138 ± 25 mm) postures (<i>p</i> < .001). In the forward-leaning posture with the PPT, the maximum trunk displacement was the initial position: the peak trunk displacement during the sled pulse was less forward than the initial trunk position. Overall, the peak forward trunk displacement was greater in the standard posture (50 ± 37 mm) than in the forward-leaning posture (29 ± 45 mm) (<i>p</i> < .001) and was greater without the PPT (79 ± 13 mm) than with the PPT (1 ± 18 mm). Reduced values with the PPT were also found in the lateral head and trunk displacements (<i>p</i> < .005) regardless of initial posture.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The PPT reduced head and trunk displacements in forward-leaning postures and prevented the trunk from moving further forward from the initial forward-leaning position. A PPT, with a relatively low force of 85 N, has the potential to reduce out-of-position postures in booster-seated children in nonstandard seating positions.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":54422,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Traffic Injury Prevention\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"1-9\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Traffic Injury Prevention\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2025.2526611\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Traffic Injury Prevention","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2025.2526611","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的：最近，预预预紧装置安全带（PPT）被发现是有效的重新定位前倾的成年人。本研究的目的是评估PPT对助推器坐姿的前倾儿童在模拟雪橇正面倾斜低加速度碰撞中的影响。方法：8名儿童志愿者(平均：6.6±0.5岁，男4名，女4名；重量24.2±2.1 kg；座椅高度（64.4±3.9 cm），位于汽车后排座椅的高背安全带定位助推座椅（BPB）上的低加速度冲击雪橇上，该座椅由带PPT的三点式安全带约束。志愿者受到与正面30°的远侧碰撞（峰值加速度1g，持续时间265 ms）。研究了四种随机测试条件，并重复了两次：带PPT的安全带条件（在雪橇开始前250 ms时85 N）和不带PPT；还有一个标准的前倾姿势。3D动作捕捉系统捕捉参与者的运动学。重复测量三因素方差分析检验了安全带状态、姿势和重复对头和躯干峰值前移的影响。所有的位移都是相对于初始位置测量的。结果：PPT降低了标准体位（PPT 103±21 mm vs无PPT 165±19 mm）和前倾体位（PPT 42±37 mm vs无PPT 138±25 mm）的头部前移峰值（p p p）。结论：PPT降低了前倾体位的头部和躯干前移，防止躯干从最初的前倾体位进一步向前移动。PPT，相对较低的85牛的力，有可能减少在非标准座位位置的助推器坐姿儿童的错位姿势。
Repositioning forward-leaning booster-seated child occupants in frontal-oblique low-acceleration impacts.
Objective: Recently, pre-pretensioner equipped seatbelts (PPT) were found to be effective in repositioning forward-leaning adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the PPT on booster-seated forward-leaning children during sled-simulated frontal oblique low-acceleration impacts.
Methods: Eight child volunteers (mean: 6.6 ± 0.5 years, four males, four females; weight 24.2 ± 2.1 kg; seated height 64.4 ± 3.9 cm) were seated on a low-acceleration impact sled in a high-back belt-positioning booster seat (BPB) on a rear vehicle bench seat restrained with a three-point seatbelt with a PPT. Volunteers were exposed to a far-side impact 30° from frontal (peak acceleration 1 g, duration 265 ms). Four randomized testing conditions were examined and repeated twice: seatbelt conditions with PPT (85 N at 250 ms prior sled onset) and without PPT; and a standard and a forward-leaning posture. A 3D motion capture system captured participants' kinematics. Repeated measure three-way ANOVAs tested the effect of seatbelt condition, posture, and repetition on head and trunk peak forward displacement. All displacements were measured relative to the initial position.
Results: The PPT reduced peak forward head displacements in both standard (PPT 103 ± 21 mm vs no-PPT 165 ± 19 mm) and forward-leaning (PPT 42 ± 37 mm vs no-PPT 138 ± 25 mm) postures (p < .001). In the forward-leaning posture with the PPT, the maximum trunk displacement was the initial position: the peak trunk displacement during the sled pulse was less forward than the initial trunk position. Overall, the peak forward trunk displacement was greater in the standard posture (50 ± 37 mm) than in the forward-leaning posture (29 ± 45 mm) (p < .001) and was greater without the PPT (79 ± 13 mm) than with the PPT (1 ± 18 mm). Reduced values with the PPT were also found in the lateral head and trunk displacements (p < .005) regardless of initial posture.
Conclusions: The PPT reduced head and trunk displacements in forward-leaning postures and prevented the trunk from moving further forward from the initial forward-leaning position. A PPT, with a relatively low force of 85 N, has the potential to reduce out-of-position postures in booster-seated children in nonstandard seating positions.
期刊介绍：
The purpose of Traffic Injury Prevention is to bridge the disciplines of medicine, engineering, public health and traffic safety in order to foster the science of traffic injury prevention. The archival journal focuses on research, interventions and evaluations within the areas of traffic safety, crash causation, injury prevention and treatment.
General topics within the journal''s scope are driver behavior, road infrastructure, emerging crash avoidance technologies, crash and injury epidemiology, alcohol and drugs, impact injury biomechanics, vehicle crashworthiness, occupant restraints, pedestrian safety, evaluation of interventions, economic consequences and emergency and clinical care with specific application to traffic injury prevention. The journal includes full length papers, review articles, case studies, brief technical notes and commentaries.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
