Adsorption of MO dyes using various adsorbents: Past, present and future perspective

To overcome industrial wastewater effluence, adsorption of dyes using nanoparticles attracted researchers. According to the findings, nanoparticles might be used to effectively remediate colored wastewater. Dyes are a complex family of organic compounds with a broad variety of uses in the textile and food sectors, and a vast number of colors are thrown away and end up in natural water sources. For the sake of the natural environment, dye mixing in water resources must be prevented. This study focuses on modern developments in nanoparticle use for dye wastewater adsorption. Adsorbents (natural and engineered) have been used to effectively adsorb colors from effluent. Due to a unique set of adsorption techniques especially for improving adsorption capacities, and toxicity investigations, nanoparticle achieves great importance in wastewater treatment. This review highlights the value of raw and modified clay as an adsorbent for the removal of colors from textile wastewater. Nano-absorbents offers a lot of economic potential because of their long-term viability in terms of adsorption ability, non-toxicity, and cheap cost. Despite the fast development of nanoparticles applications, the technology is still a long way from reaching its ultimate aim of commercialization. Regeneration processes and the handling of textile dye wastewater have received little consideration. The sorption process is rigorously evaluated and appropriate conditions for the metal oxide and bio adsorbent-dye systems, as well as the adsorption properties of a variety of clays, are presented. This investigation aims to study the use of adsorbents, particularly metal oxide bio adsorbents. This article thoroughly reviewed 165 published literature studies on adsorbents from 2015 to 2021 within the last 6 years, and discoursed quality parameters such as pH of the solution, dye concentration, temperature, and adsorbent dose. Moreover, the mechanism and kinetic study of the dye using various adsorbents on have been studied. Showing how well different adsorbents function in reducing MO from aqueous solutions is the goal of this investigation. It will assist in minimizing the arbitrary selection of adsorbent types for MO adsorption.