Chideraa Courage Offor , John Kanayochukwu Nduka , Henrietta Ijeoma Kelle
{"title":"2019冠状病毒病封锁期间尼日利亚东部室内粉尘中有毒金属(样物质)的暴露风险和来源分析","authors":"Chideraa Courage Offor , John Kanayochukwu Nduka , Henrietta Ijeoma Kelle","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100113","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Outbreak and emergency occasioned by coronavirus virus disease forcefully led to imposition of lockdown in Nigeria; a situation that consequently exposed humans to heavy metal(loid)s laden dust. Hence, this study measured the concentration of heavy metal(loid)s in indoor dust from households of three selected semi-urban areas (Rumuodomaya-Ogale, Ekwulobia and Awka) of Eastern Nigeria. Dust samples (n = 144) were collected from household’s windows and floors using clean brush, filtered, digested by standard method and analyzed for Cd, Co, Ni, Hg, As, Mn, Al, Pb, Cr, Zn, and Fe using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (Model: Varian AA240, USA). Results show that Fe was dominant when compared to other metals assessed. Whereas the total heavy metal(loid)s concentration (THMC) of the floor dusts was higher than that of window dusts from Ekwulobia, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in total heavy metal(loid)s level in window and floor dust of the three semi-urban areas across the months. Awka showed the least THMC in the window (1.17 – 1.52 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and floor (1.08 – 2.35 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) dusts in comparison with Ekwulobia (window: 1.23 mg/kg to 9.05 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>; floor: 1.27 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> to 9.22 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and Rumuodomaya-Ogale (window: 1.49 – 2.70 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>; floor: 1.24 – 2.23 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>). The cancer and non-cancer risk of exposure to the heavy metal(loid)s dusts was insignificant while most of the heavy metal(loid)s could be related to anthropogenic origin based on the Positive Matrix Factorization and Principal Component Analysis models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Exposure risk and source analysis of toxic metal(loid)s in indoor dust of Eastern Nigeria during COVID-19 lockdown\",\"authors\":\"Chideraa Courage Offor , John Kanayochukwu Nduka , Henrietta Ijeoma Kelle\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100113\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Outbreak and emergency occasioned by coronavirus virus disease forcefully led to imposition of lockdown in Nigeria; a situation that consequently exposed humans to heavy metal(loid)s laden dust. Hence, this study measured the concentration of heavy metal(loid)s in indoor dust from households of three selected semi-urban areas (Rumuodomaya-Ogale, Ekwulobia and Awka) of Eastern Nigeria. Dust samples (n = 144) were collected from household’s windows and floors using clean brush, filtered, digested by standard method and analyzed for Cd, Co, Ni, Hg, As, Mn, Al, Pb, Cr, Zn, and Fe using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (Model: Varian AA240, USA). Results show that Fe was dominant when compared to other metals assessed. Whereas the total heavy metal(loid)s concentration (THMC) of the floor dusts was higher than that of window dusts from Ekwulobia, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in total heavy metal(loid)s level in window and floor dust of the three semi-urban areas across the months. Awka showed the least THMC in the window (1.17 – 1.52 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and floor (1.08 – 2.35 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) dusts in comparison with Ekwulobia (window: 1.23 mg/kg to 9.05 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>; floor: 1.27 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> to 9.22 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and Rumuodomaya-Ogale (window: 1.49 – 2.70 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>; floor: 1.24 – 2.23 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>). The cancer and non-cancer risk of exposure to the heavy metal(loid)s dusts was insignificant while most of the heavy metal(loid)s could be related to anthropogenic origin based on the Positive Matrix Factorization and Principal Component Analysis models.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":100665,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Indoor Environments\",\"volume\":\"2 3\",\"pages\":\"Article 100113\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Indoor Environments\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362025000426\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Indoor Environments","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362025000426","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Exposure risk and source analysis of toxic metal(loid)s in indoor dust of Eastern Nigeria during COVID-19 lockdown
Outbreak and emergency occasioned by coronavirus virus disease forcefully led to imposition of lockdown in Nigeria; a situation that consequently exposed humans to heavy metal(loid)s laden dust. Hence, this study measured the concentration of heavy metal(loid)s in indoor dust from households of three selected semi-urban areas (Rumuodomaya-Ogale, Ekwulobia and Awka) of Eastern Nigeria. Dust samples (n = 144) were collected from household’s windows and floors using clean brush, filtered, digested by standard method and analyzed for Cd, Co, Ni, Hg, As, Mn, Al, Pb, Cr, Zn, and Fe using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (Model: Varian AA240, USA). Results show that Fe was dominant when compared to other metals assessed. Whereas the total heavy metal(loid)s concentration (THMC) of the floor dusts was higher than that of window dusts from Ekwulobia, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in total heavy metal(loid)s level in window and floor dust of the three semi-urban areas across the months. Awka showed the least THMC in the window (1.17 – 1.52 mg kg−1) and floor (1.08 – 2.35 mg kg−1) dusts in comparison with Ekwulobia (window: 1.23 mg/kg to 9.05 mg kg−1; floor: 1.27 mg kg−1 to 9.22 mg kg−1) and Rumuodomaya-Ogale (window: 1.49 – 2.70 mg kg−1; floor: 1.24 – 2.23 mg kg−1). The cancer and non-cancer risk of exposure to the heavy metal(loid)s dusts was insignificant while most of the heavy metal(loid)s could be related to anthropogenic origin based on the Positive Matrix Factorization and Principal Component Analysis models.