Numerical analysis of power- and temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation in varicose vein treatment.

This study investigates radiofrequency ablation (RFA) parameters for varicose vein treatment using a three-dimensional mathematical model operating at 470 kHz. The model evaluates how power settings, temperature thresholds, blood flow velocity, and electrode spacing influence therapeutic efficacy and tissue safety. Findings demonstrate that higher power and temperature settings, combined with lower blood flow rates, enhance venous wall heating while minimizing extraluminal tissue damage. Stagnant blood flow optimizes thermal energy delivery, and adjusting electrode spacing reduces the required number of ablations. Temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation has a controlled electrode temperature for better temperature delivery. This study provides actionable guidance for clinicians to tailor RFA protocols that emphasize management and electrode configuration adjustments for safer and more efficient outcomes in varicose vein treatment.