北印度洋浅层暖云的气溶胶-云相互作用导致的辐射强迫

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI:10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108368

Harshbardhan Kumar , Shani Tiwari

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引用次数: 0

摘要

气溶胶-云相互作用（ACI）在地球能量平衡中起着至关重要的作用，对全球气候变化有重要贡献。然而，在观测和基于模式的研究中，由ACI引起的辐射强迫仍然高度不确定。在这项研究中，我们利用观测方法量化了2003-2021年期间北印度洋（NIO）上ACI的有效辐射强迫（ERFaci）。结果表明，暖海洋边界层云在大气顶（TOA）产生负强迫（降温效应），这是由云反照率效应（内在强迫）和云分数调整（外在强迫）共同驱动的。具体而言，在盆地尺度上，孟加拉湾（BoB:−0.48±0.52 Wm−2）的年平均本征辐射强迫比阿拉伯海（AS:−0.41±0.37 Wm−2）强约17%。相比之下，两个盆地的外在强迫几乎相似(AS:−0.66±0.39 Wm−2；BoB:−0.64±0.68 Wm−2)。每年的外部强迫比北极的内部强迫高61%，比北极高33%。然而，在季节基础上，相对差异在冬季（季风后）在AS和BoB分别增加269%（101%）和304%（197%）。云天反照率（⁓0.02-0.06）和低层液体云分数（⁓0.02-0.04）与整个地区气溶胶指数（AI）之间的正相关进一步支持了这些季节变化。ERFaci的短波分量（SWRFaci）在年平均NetRFaci中占主导地位，分别比AS和BoB贡献约106%和80%。NIO上强烈的SWRFaci可归因于两个主要因素：研究期间人为污染的增加，或者可能是卫星观测固有的检索偏差。因此，如果是前者，我们的ERFaci估计可以作为评估区域模式模拟中ACI影响的有用参考估计。

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Radiative forcing due to aerosol-cloud interactions for shallow warm clouds over the Northern Indian Ocean

Aerosol-Cloud Interactions (ACI) plays a crucial role in the Earth's energy balance and significantly contribute to global climate change. However, the radiative forcing due to ACI remain highly uncertain, in both observational and model-based studies. In this study, we utilize an observational approach to quantify the effective radiative forcing due to ACI (ERF_aci) over the Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) during 2003–2021. The results show that warm marine boundary layer clouds exert a negative forcing (cooling effect) at the Top of the Atmosphere (TOA), driven by both cloud albedo effect (intrinsic forcing) and cloud fraction adjustment (extrinsic forcing). In details, on a basin-scale, the annual mean intrinsic radiative forcing is about 17 % stronger over the Bay of Bengal (BoB: −0.48 ± 0.52 Wm⁻²) than over the Arabian Sea (AS: −0.41 ± 0.37 Wm⁻²). In contrast, extrinsic forcing is almost similar over both the basins (AS: −0.66 ± 0.39 Wm⁻²; and BoB: −0.64 ± 0.68 Wm⁻²). Annually extrinsic forcing is 61 % higher than intrinsic forcing over the AS and 33 % higher over the BoB. However, on a seasonal basis, the relative difference increases up to 269 % (101 %) and 304 % (197 %) during winter (post-monsoon) over the AS and BoB, respectively. These seasonal variations are further supported by positive correlations between cloudy-sky albedo (⁓ 0.02–0.06) and low-level liquid cloud fraction (⁓ 0.02–0.04) with the aerosol index (AI) across the region. The shortwave components of ERF_aci (SWRF_aci) dominate the annual mean NetRF_aci, contributing approximately 106 % and 80 % over the AS and BoB, respectively. The strong SWRF_aci over the NIO could be attributed to two main factors: an increase in anthropogenic pollution during the study period or, possibly a retrieval bias inherent in satellite-based observation. Thus, if the former, our ERF_aci estimates can serve as useful reference estimates for assessing ACI effects in regional model simulations.

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来源期刊

Atmospheric Research 地学-气象与大气科学

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

10.90%

发文量

460

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： The journal publishes scientific papers (research papers, review articles, letters and notes) dealing with the part of the atmosphere where meteorological events occur. Attention is given to all processes extending from the earth surface to the tropopause, but special emphasis continues to be devoted to the physics of clouds, mesoscale meteorology and air pollution, i.e. atmospheric aerosols; microphysical processes; cloud dynamics and thermodynamics; numerical simulation, climatology, climate change and weather modification.