An investigation of the relationship among weather, low-level wind shear and aircraft go-around at Jeju International Airport in Korea

Wind shear (WS) refers to an abrupt change in wind speed and/or direction, whether in a vertical or horizontal direction. In particular, low-level wind shear (hereafter LLWS) is a type of WS that occurs at or below an altitude of approximately 1600 ft (500 m) and thus affects aircraft operations during landing or take-off phases. Jeju International Airport (CJU) is well-known for experiencing frequent LLWS and consequent occurrence of go-around (GA) operations (also referred to as missed approach). LLWS is known to be elusive and thus difficult to predict. Most previous studies are concerned with elucidating LLWS from a meteorological angle, without considering its potential effects on flight operations. In this study, we investigate the weather conditions that lead to LLWS at CJU airport and then seek the linkage between LLWS and go-around operations. General weather information and flight records containing aircraft speed, altitude, and specific weather observations during GA at CJU airport are collected. We empirically categorize five wind patterns that contribute to severe LLWS and necessitate go-around operations. In this paper, we drive a probability table that summarizes the chances of go-around operations according to the wind direction and speed. We also discuss limitations and areas for future research.