在美国接触大麻销售和大麻法律的差异：国际大麻政策研究的结果

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112787

Lauren Winfield-Ward , Elle Wadsworth , Pete Driezen , Vicki L. Rynard , David Hammond

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引用次数: 0

摘要

越来越多的美国州将成人“娱乐性”大麻合法化；然而，迄今为止，几乎没有证据表明大麻政策对大麻销售暴露的影响。目前的研究调查了美国的市场曝光情况，包括大麻非法（“非法”州）、合法医疗（“医疗”）和合法娱乐（“娱乐”）州之间的差异。方法数据来自国际大麻政策研究的美国部分：在2018-2023年的6次年度调查中，对187,573名年龄在16-65岁之间的受访者进行了全国性的重复横断面数据调查。调整后的混合效应逻辑回归（GLIMMIX）模型检查了各州大麻法律在自我报告的大麻营销暴露（“注意到”）方面的差异。结果自我报告的大麻营销暴露程度因政策变化而异。注意到大麻营销在非法州最低，在医疗合法化后的前12个月内有所增加(35.4%对39.2%:AOR=1.16；95% ci = 1.01-1.33；p = 0.034)。注意到“休闲”州的市场营销是最高的，在大麻合法化后的前12个月增长了50.0% vs 41.1%: AOR=1.41；95% ci = 1.34-1.48；p < .001)， 1-3年额外增加(56.2%:AOR=1.20；95% ci = 1.14-1.25；p < .001)和大麻合法化后4年及以上(63.9%:AOR=1.21；95% ci = 1.16-1.27；p < .001)。在吸食大麻和年龄较小的人群中，注意到这一点的比例最高。结论在医疗和娱乐合法化之后，自我报告的大麻市场暴露增加，并且未成年人注意到这一点。“合法”市场的大麻条例应考虑到市场营销，这已被证明可以促进大麻的使用。

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Exposure to cannabis marketing in the United States and differences by cannabis laws: Findings from the International Cannabis Policy Study

Background

A growing number of US states have legalized adult “recreational” cannabis; however, there is little evidence on the impact of cannabis policies on cannabis marketing exposure to date. The current study examined marketing exposure in the US, including differences between states where cannabis is illegal (‘illegal’ states), legal for medical use (‘medical’), and legal for recreational use (‘recreational’).

Methods

Data are from the US component of the International Cannabis Policy Study: national repeat cross-sectional data from surveys conducted with 187,573 respondents aged 16–65 over 6 annual survey waves (2018–2023). Adjusted mixed effects logistic regression (GLIMMIX) models examined differences in self-reported exposure to cannabis marketing (‘noticing’) by state-level cannabis laws.

Results

Self-reported exposure to cannabis marketing differed across policy changes. Noticing cannabis marketing was lowest in illegal states and increased in the first 12-months following medical legalization (35.4 % vs. 39.2 %: AOR=1.16; 95 % CI=1.01–1.33; p = 0.034). Noticing marketing was highest in ‘recreational’ states, with increases in the first 12-months following legalization (50.0 % vs. 41.1 %: AOR=1.41; 95 % CI=1.34–1.48; p < .001), and additional increases 1–3 years (56.2 %: AOR=1.20; 95 % CI=1.14–1.25; p < .001) and 4 or more years following legalization (63.9 %: AOR=1.21; 95 % CI=1.16–1.27; p < .001). Noticing was highest among people who consume cannabis and younger ages.

Conclusions

Self-reported exposure to cannabis marketing increases following medical and recreational legalization and is disproportionately noticed by underaged people. Cannabis regulations in ‘legal’ markets should account for marketing, which has been shown to promote cannabis use.

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来源期刊

Drug and alcohol dependence 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

7.10%

发文量

409

审稿时长

41 days

期刊介绍： Drug and Alcohol Dependence is an international journal devoted to publishing original research, scholarly reviews, commentaries, and policy analyses in the area of drug, alcohol and tobacco use and dependence. Articles range from studies of the chemistry of substances of abuse, their actions at molecular and cellular sites, in vitro and in vivo investigations of their biochemical, pharmacological and behavioural actions, laboratory-based and clinical research in humans, substance abuse treatment and prevention research, and studies employing methods from epidemiology, sociology, and economics.