{"title":"空间和语言表现与联合口服避孕药使用的持续时间有关,但在无药间隔期间没有变化","authors":"Isabel Noachtar, Belinda Pletzer","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105790","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ovarian hormones and testosterone have been related to verbal and spatial processing. Oral contraceptives are taken by approximately 150 million women worldwide often for extended time periods. To date, the literature on long-term effects of COCs on cognition is sparse, and results and methodology are inconsistent.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>In this manuscript we examined whether verbal and spatial performance changed (i) during short-term hormonal withdrawal as during the monthly pill pause and (ii) related to the duration of COC-use. We assessed the moderating effects of progestin type (androgenicity) and task complexity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>180 participants (60 androgenic COC-users, 60 anti-androgenic COC-users and 60 non-users with a menstrual cycle) were tested once during their active pill phase/luteal phase and once during their pill pause/menses. We compared mental rotation, navigation and verbal fluency performance between the pill pause and active intake phase in COC users and assessed how the differences compared to fluctuations along the menstrual cycle in naturally cycling women.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No differences between active pill intake and pill pause were found in mental rotation, navigation or verbal fluency in long-term users. Irrespective of COC-phase, androgenic COC-users demonstrated higher orientation accuracy compared to anti-androgenic COC-users and non-users. Longer pill duration was associated with better orientation accuracy and decreased phonemic word and switching production in COC-users independent of the pill's androgenicity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The association of verbal and spatial performance to COC use duration in the absence of short-term changes during the pill-free interval may hint at cumulative effects of long-term COC-use on spatial and verbal processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105790"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Spatial and verbal performance relate to the duration of combined oral contraceptive use but do not change during the pill-free interval\",\"authors\":\"Isabel Noachtar, Belinda Pletzer\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105790\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ovarian hormones and testosterone have been related to verbal and spatial processing. Oral contraceptives are taken by approximately 150 million women worldwide often for extended time periods. To date, the literature on long-term effects of COCs on cognition is sparse, and results and methodology are inconsistent.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>In this manuscript we examined whether verbal and spatial performance changed (i) during short-term hormonal withdrawal as during the monthly pill pause and (ii) related to the duration of COC-use. We assessed the moderating effects of progestin type (androgenicity) and task complexity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>180 participants (60 androgenic COC-users, 60 anti-androgenic COC-users and 60 non-users with a menstrual cycle) were tested once during their active pill phase/luteal phase and once during their pill pause/menses. We compared mental rotation, navigation and verbal fluency performance between the pill pause and active intake phase in COC users and assessed how the differences compared to fluctuations along the menstrual cycle in naturally cycling women.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No differences between active pill intake and pill pause were found in mental rotation, navigation or verbal fluency in long-term users. Irrespective of COC-phase, androgenic COC-users demonstrated higher orientation accuracy compared to anti-androgenic COC-users and non-users. Longer pill duration was associated with better orientation accuracy and decreased phonemic word and switching production in COC-users independent of the pill's androgenicity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The association of verbal and spatial performance to COC use duration in the absence of short-term changes during the pill-free interval may hint at cumulative effects of long-term COC-use on spatial and verbal processing.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":13001,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Hormones and Behavior\",\"volume\":\"174 \",\"pages\":\"Article 105790\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Hormones and Behavior\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0018506X25001163\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Hormones and Behavior","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0018506X25001163","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Spatial and verbal performance relate to the duration of combined oral contraceptive use but do not change during the pill-free interval
Background
Ovarian hormones and testosterone have been related to verbal and spatial processing. Oral contraceptives are taken by approximately 150 million women worldwide often for extended time periods. To date, the literature on long-term effects of COCs on cognition is sparse, and results and methodology are inconsistent.
Objectives
In this manuscript we examined whether verbal and spatial performance changed (i) during short-term hormonal withdrawal as during the monthly pill pause and (ii) related to the duration of COC-use. We assessed the moderating effects of progestin type (androgenicity) and task complexity.
Methods
180 participants (60 androgenic COC-users, 60 anti-androgenic COC-users and 60 non-users with a menstrual cycle) were tested once during their active pill phase/luteal phase and once during their pill pause/menses. We compared mental rotation, navigation and verbal fluency performance between the pill pause and active intake phase in COC users and assessed how the differences compared to fluctuations along the menstrual cycle in naturally cycling women.
Results
No differences between active pill intake and pill pause were found in mental rotation, navigation or verbal fluency in long-term users. Irrespective of COC-phase, androgenic COC-users demonstrated higher orientation accuracy compared to anti-androgenic COC-users and non-users. Longer pill duration was associated with better orientation accuracy and decreased phonemic word and switching production in COC-users independent of the pill's androgenicity.
Conclusion
The association of verbal and spatial performance to COC use duration in the absence of short-term changes during the pill-free interval may hint at cumulative effects of long-term COC-use on spatial and verbal processing.
期刊介绍:
Hormones and Behavior publishes original research articles, reviews and special issues concerning hormone-brain-behavior relationships, broadly defined. The journal''s scope ranges from laboratory and field studies concerning neuroendocrine as well as endocrine mechanisms controlling the development or adult expression of behavior to studies concerning the environmental control and evolutionary significance of hormone-behavior relationships. The journal welcomes studies conducted on species ranging from invertebrates to mammals, including humans.