有机太阳能电池的第三组分工程：材料创新、形态控制和协同增强

IF 17.1 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nano Energy Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI:10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111329

Shuhan Wang , Lei Wang , Junjie Zhang , Huanhuan Gao , Meixia Xiao , Haiyang Song

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引用次数: 0

摘要

第三组分工程的快速发展显著提高了有机太阳能电池（OSCs）的性能，为解决二元系统的固有局限性提供了有效的策略。本文系统地将第三组分分为结构第三组分（附加供体、受体）和工艺第三组分（溶剂/固体添加剂），重点研究了它们与宿主活性层组分的协同作用机制，从而提高光伏性能。供体型第三组分，特别是聚合物，通过级联能级排列扩展光吸收，同时减少非辐射复合以提高开路电压。小分子供体通过调节垂直相分布增强电荷传输平衡，使填充系数超过80%。受体型第三组分形成合金状相，同时提高光子捕获效率和相分离稳定性，使器件效率超过20%。作为工艺的第三个组成部分，增材工程通过微调结晶动力学和界面接触，大大提高了器件的效率和运行稳定性。这项工作强调了第三组件工程在协调光伏参数方面的关键作用，并通过优化能级排列、形态控制和界面鲁棒性为下一代OSCs建立了理论框架。未来的研究重点包括：(i)利用机器学习、分子动力学模拟和量子化学计算来加速高性能材料的发现，并通过自主学习和数据融合来优化人工智能（AI）设计。（ii）从三元系统转向高阶系统，利用人工智能平衡成分比例和空间分布，通过协同效应实现效率和稳定性的最大化。发展现场实时技术，以澄清动态相互作用，并结合结构创新以实现商业可行性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Third-component engineering in organic solar cells: Material innovations, morphological control, and synergistic enhancement

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Third-component engineering in organic solar cells: Material innovations, morphological control, and synergistic enhancement

The rapid advancement of third-component engineering has significantly enhanced the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), providing effective strategies to address inherent limitations in binary systems. This review systematically classifies third components into structural third components (additional donor, acceptor) and process third components (solvent/solid additive), focusing on their synergistic interaction mechanisms with host active-layer components that improve photovoltaic performance. Donor-type third components, particularly polymers, extend light absorption through cascade energy-level alignment while reducing non-radiative recombination to elevate open-circuit voltage. Small-molecule donors enhance charge transport balance by modulating vertical phase distribution, achieving fill factors exceeding 80 %. Acceptor-type third components form alloy-like phases that simultaneously enhance photon capture efficiency and phase-separation stability, enabling device efficiencies above 20 %. As the process third component, additive engineering substantially boosts device efficiency and operational stability by fine-tuning crystallization kinetics and interfacial contact. This work highlights the pivotal role of third-component engineering in harmonizing photovoltaic parameters and establishes a theoretical framework for next-generation OSCs through optimized energy-level alignment, morphology control, and interfacial robustness. Future research priorities include: (i) Utilize machine learning, molecular dynamics simulations, and quantum chemistry calculation to accelerate discovery of high-performance materials, with artificial intelligence (AI) optimizing design via autonomous learning and data fusion. (ii) Move beyond ternary to higher-order systems, using AI to balance component ratios and spatial distribution for maximized efficiency and stability through synergistic effects. (iii) Develop in-situ real-time techniques to clarify dynamic interactions, combined with structural innovations for commercial viability.

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来源期刊

Nano Energy CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL-NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY

CiteScore

30.30

自引率

7.40%

发文量

1207

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Nano Energy is a multidisciplinary, rapid-publication forum of original peer-reviewed contributions on the science and engineering of nanomaterials and nanodevices used in all forms of energy harvesting, conversion, storage, utilization and policy. Through its mixture of articles, reviews, communications, research news, and information on key developments, Nano Energy provides a comprehensive coverage of this exciting and dynamic field which joins nanoscience and nanotechnology with energy science. The journal is relevant to all those who are interested in nanomaterials solutions to the energy problem. Nano Energy publishes original experimental and theoretical research on all aspects of energy-related research which utilizes nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Manuscripts of four types are considered: review articles which inform readers of the latest research and advances in energy science; rapid communications which feature exciting research breakthroughs in the field; full-length articles which report comprehensive research developments; and news and opinions which comment on topical issues or express views on the developments in related fields.