Histologic evidence of the effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 on periodontal regeneration: A scoping review of animal studies.

Background: Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a signaling molecule used successfully in periodontal regeneration. This review aims to evaluate histologic evidence of the effect of FGF2 on the regeneration of periodontal ligament (PDL), cementum, and alveolar bone in animal studies.

Methods: A scoping review of the animal models was conducted to assess the histologic evidence of the effect of FGF2 on periodontal regeneration. The search was performed for English articles published until January 1, 2025. Any histologic findings regarding PDL, cementum, or bone regeneration and other outcomes such as epithelial down-growth, ankylosis, neovascularization, root resorption, and any clinical observation through histologic or radiographic analysis were considered as desired outcomes.

Results: The MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched, and 516 records were identified. After the screening, 22 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The primary outcomes measured were any histologic findings regarding the regeneration of PDL, cementum, and alveolar bone. The included studies investigated the effect of FGF2 on the various periodontal defects, including 1-, 2-, and 3-wall vertical defects, circumferential defects, furcation involvement, and recession-type defects. In all types of defects, PDL, cementum, and alveolar bone formation were enhanced in most groups containing FGF2 compared to groups without FGF2. Most studies mentioned better radiographic results regarding bone formation or bone fill.

Conclusion: FGF2 can promote regeneration in all parts of periodontal tissue in surgically created periodontal defects in animal models, including cementum, PDL, and alveolar bone.