{"title":"通过脉冲离子导入控制氧可酮的透皮递送：体外和体内评价。","authors":"Mahdie Kamalabadi, Arash Ghoorchian, Katayoun Derakhshandeh, Rasool Haddadi","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2025.2534322","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The imperative challenges in transdermal iontophoresis (IP) are irritation, skin polarization, and patient discomfort. In this paper, we studied the IP delivery of oxycodone (OXC) using continuous direct current (CDC) and pulse depolarization current (PDC) current protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The different current protocols (CDC, PDC1, PDC2, and PDC3) have been employed to investigate the in vitro transdermal IP of OXC through the rat skin. Moreover, other effective factors including the formulation pH, the magnitude of applied current density, and the NaCl concentration were optimized to obtain the best performance of IP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The in vitro permeation experiments demonstrated that the cumulative amount of permeated OXC after 24 h (Q<sub>24 h</sub>) in the presence of the studied current protocols decreases in the following order: CDC > PDC3 > PDC2 ≈ PDC1. The permeation of OXC in the presence of CDC was evidently enhanced compared to that of the PDC3. Also, the experimental data were fitted using the Peppas-Sahlin model. Finally, in vivo experiments revealed that a statistically significant increase in the permeated OXC in the presence of IP technique (CDC, and PDC3) as compared to the control experiment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study can pave the way for developing IP delivery systems using PDC.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Controlled transdermal delivery of oxycodone by pulsed iontophoresis: In vitro and in vivo evaluations.\",\"authors\":\"Mahdie Kamalabadi, Arash Ghoorchian, Katayoun Derakhshandeh, Rasool Haddadi\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/20415990.2025.2534322\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The imperative challenges in transdermal iontophoresis (IP) are irritation, skin polarization, and patient discomfort. In this paper, we studied the IP delivery of oxycodone (OXC) using continuous direct current (CDC) and pulse depolarization current (PDC) current protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The different current protocols (CDC, PDC1, PDC2, and PDC3) have been employed to investigate the in vitro transdermal IP of OXC through the rat skin. Moreover, other effective factors including the formulation pH, the magnitude of applied current density, and the NaCl concentration were optimized to obtain the best performance of IP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The in vitro permeation experiments demonstrated that the cumulative amount of permeated OXC after 24 h (Q<sub>24 h</sub>) in the presence of the studied current protocols decreases in the following order: CDC > PDC3 > PDC2 ≈ PDC1. The permeation of OXC in the presence of CDC was evidently enhanced compared to that of the PDC3. Also, the experimental data were fitted using the Peppas-Sahlin model. Finally, in vivo experiments revealed that a statistically significant increase in the permeated OXC in the presence of IP technique (CDC, and PDC3) as compared to the control experiment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study can pave the way for developing IP delivery systems using PDC.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":22959,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Therapeutic delivery\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"1-12\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-16\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Therapeutic delivery\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/20415990.2025.2534322\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Therapeutic delivery","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20415990.2025.2534322","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Controlled transdermal delivery of oxycodone by pulsed iontophoresis: In vitro and in vivo evaluations.
Aim: The imperative challenges in transdermal iontophoresis (IP) are irritation, skin polarization, and patient discomfort. In this paper, we studied the IP delivery of oxycodone (OXC) using continuous direct current (CDC) and pulse depolarization current (PDC) current protocols.
Methods: The different current protocols (CDC, PDC1, PDC2, and PDC3) have been employed to investigate the in vitro transdermal IP of OXC through the rat skin. Moreover, other effective factors including the formulation pH, the magnitude of applied current density, and the NaCl concentration were optimized to obtain the best performance of IP.
Results: The in vitro permeation experiments demonstrated that the cumulative amount of permeated OXC after 24 h (Q24 h) in the presence of the studied current protocols decreases in the following order: CDC > PDC3 > PDC2 ≈ PDC1. The permeation of OXC in the presence of CDC was evidently enhanced compared to that of the PDC3. Also, the experimental data were fitted using the Peppas-Sahlin model. Finally, in vivo experiments revealed that a statistically significant increase in the permeated OXC in the presence of IP technique (CDC, and PDC3) as compared to the control experiment.
Conclusion: The study can pave the way for developing IP delivery systems using PDC.
期刊介绍：
Delivering therapeutics in a way that is right for the patient - safe, painless, reliable, targeted, efficient and cost effective - is the fundamental aim of scientists working in this area. Correspondingly, this evolving field has already yielded a diversity of delivery methods, including injectors, controlled release formulations, drug eluting implants and transdermal patches. Rapid technological advances and the desire to improve the efficacy and safety profile of existing medications by specific targeting to the site of action, combined with the drive to improve patient compliance, continue to fuel rapid research progress. Furthermore, the emergence of cell-based therapeutics and biopharmaceuticals such as proteins, peptides and nucleotides presents scientists with new and exciting challenges for the application of therapeutic delivery science and technology. Successful delivery strategies increasingly rely upon collaboration across a diversity of fields, including biology, chemistry, pharmacology, nanotechnology, physiology, materials science and engineering. Therapeutic Delivery recognizes the importance of this diverse research platform and encourages the publication of articles that reflect the highly interdisciplinary nature of the field. In a highly competitive industry, Therapeutic Delivery provides the busy researcher with a forum for the rapid publication of original research and critical reviews of all the latest relevant and significant developments, and focuses on how the technological, pharmacological, clinical and physiological aspects come together to successfully deliver modern therapeutics to patients. The journal delivers this essential information in concise, at-a-glance article formats that are readily accessible to the full spectrum of therapeutic delivery researchers.
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