宿主消耗的资源比被膜感染的寄生虫更能增加内寄生虫的病原体负荷。

IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 FISHERIES
Brin J Shayhorn, Chloe T Ramsay, Kristi Medina, Erin L Sauer, Jason R Rohr
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引用次数: 0

摘要

病原体利用宿主资源进行复制。因此,病原体的特征,例如它们感染宿主的地方,可能允许病原体在宿主之前利用宿主消耗的营养物质。例如,在宿主肠道或血液中产生时间较短的寄生虫可能比宿主从宿主消耗的资源中获益更多,而在宿主被皮(如皮肤、角质层、外骨骼)内或表面的寄生虫,如外寄生虫,从宿主消耗的资源中获益可能比宿主少。因此,尚不清楚宿主增加的食物消耗是否会降低或增加病原体水平。我们对古巴树蛙(Osteopilus septentrionalis)进行了实验,以测试食物供应如何影响ranavirus和真菌病原体Batrachochytrium dendroatidis (Bd)的感染水平,这两种病毒都与两栖动物的大规模死亡有关。鉴于拉纳病毒是一种内寄生虫,其产生时间比皮肤感染的Bd短得多,我们假设拉纳病毒可能比Bd更快地利用宿主消耗的资源。因此,我们假设宿主食物供应的增加可能比拉纳病毒更能减少Bd感染。正如预测的那样,增加食物获取减少了乙型肝炎感染强度,但增加了ranavirus感染强度。未来的工作应该评估病原体特征,如产生时间和它们感染宿主的位置,是否通常影响食物资源对宿主或病原体更有利。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Host-consumed resources increase pathogen load of endoparasites more than integument-infecting parasites.

Pathogens use host resources for replication. Consequently, pathogen traits, such as where they infect a host, might allow pathogens to capitalize on host-consumed nutrients before the host. For instance, parasites with short generation times in the host gut or blood might benefit more from host-consumed resources than the host, whereas parasites in or on the host integument (e.g. skin, cuticle, exoskeleton), such as ectoparasites, might benefit less from host-consumed resources than the host. Thus, it is unclear whether increased food consumption by hosts should reduce or amplify pathogen levels. We conducted experiments on Cuban treefrogs Osteopilus septentrionalis to test how food availability affects infection levels of ranavirus and the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which are both associated with mass die-offs of amphibians. Given that ranavirus is an endoparasite with a much shorter generation time than the skin-infecting Bd, we postulated that ranavirus might be able to capitalize on host-consumed resources more quickly than Bd. Hence, we hypothesized that increased food availability to hosts might reduce Bd infections more than ranavirus infections. As predicted, augmenting food access decreased Bd infection intensity but increased ranavirus infection intensity. Future work should assess whether pathogen traits, such as generation time and where they infect hosts, generally affect whether food resources more positively benefit hosts or pathogens.

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来源期刊
Diseases of aquatic organisms
Diseases of aquatic organisms 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
53
审稿时长
8-16 weeks
期刊介绍: DAO publishes Research Articles, Reviews, and Notes, as well as Comments/Reply Comments (for details see DAO 48:161), Theme Sections and Opinion Pieces. For details consult the Guidelines for Authors. Papers may cover all forms of life - animals, plants and microorganisms - in marine, limnetic and brackish habitats. DAO''s scope includes any research focusing on diseases in aquatic organisms, specifically: -Diseases caused by coexisting organisms, e.g. viruses, bacteria, fungi, protistans, metazoans; characterization of pathogens -Diseases caused by abiotic factors (critical intensities of environmental properties, including pollution)- Diseases due to internal circumstances (innate, idiopathic, genetic)- Diseases due to proliferative disorders (neoplasms)- Disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention- Molecular aspects of diseases- Nutritional disorders- Stress and physical injuries- Epidemiology/epizootiology- Parasitology- Toxicology- Diseases of aquatic organisms affecting human health and well-being (with the focus on the aquatic organism)- Diseases as indicators of humanity''s detrimental impact on nature- Genomics, proteomics and metabolomics of disease- Immunology and disease prevention- Animal welfare- Zoonosis
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