油脂作为化学工业的可再生原料

IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
J. O. Metzger, Ursula Biermann, Thomas Seidensticker
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引用次数: 0

摘要

长期以来,油脂一直是化学工业的可再生原料,传统上用于生产肥皂、表面活性剂、润滑剂和化妆品成分。如今,它们不仅在食品和能源领域(全球植物油消费量在2023年超过2亿吨)受到越来越多的关注,而且还作为材料和平台化学品的可再生碳来源[2,3]。它们的分子结构提供了一种独特的二元性:一个适合经典转化的官能团和一个尚未开发的富含碳氢化合物的烷基链。尽管取得了很大的进展,但大多数石油化学的大规模应用仍然集中在羧酸基的功能化上。然而,鉴于紧迫的全球挑战——气候变化、资源稀缺和对更区域化价值链的需求——现在是时候重新思考石油化学,更加重视烷基链。释放这种饱和或不饱和骨架的潜力,可以使聚合物和高性能材料的生物基构建模块成为可能,有助于在更可持续的基础上重塑化学工业。与木质纤维素生物质相比,脂肪和油具有直接的优势:它们是脂肪族的、缺氧的、相对纯净的,并且可以用既定的方法加工。此外,现有的大规模生产基础设施可以直接使用和扩展。当地种植的植物油和微生物衍生的脂质——通过农用工业侧流甚至二氧化碳发酵产生——在建立更具弹性、区域性的供应链方面尤其具有吸引力。通过促进这一领域的创新,我们不仅可以支持全球可持续发展目标,还可以激发国家和欧洲在特种化学品领域的领导地位。特别是,饱和烷基链的功能化在很大程度上仍未被探索。虽然一些酶的方法引入了新的功能,但在这种情况下,选择性C-H功能化的化学和生物催化策略仍处于起步阶段。硼化反应、胺化反应、氧合反应、卤化反应和去饱和反应等具有巨大的潜力,特别是当区域选择性可以精细调节时。在2024年6月举行的第12届油脂作为化学工业可再生资源研讨会上,有希望的贡献解决了这些未来的方向(摘要可以在下面找到:http://www.abiosus.org/docs/Book_of_Abstracts_2024.pdf)Karol Grela(华沙大学)提出了一种使用ppm级Ru催化剂可扩展的油酸甲酯醇解技术,而Lukas Gooßen(波宏大学)则展示了异构化复分解[6]和脱羧酮化脂肪酸增值的潜力。特刊还包括弗兰克·霍尔曼(代尔夫特理工大学)关于脂肪酸b[7]的生物催化氧化功能化的综述,强调了基于酶的方法的互补作用。本期编辑的文章反映了该领域的活力和创新精神。它们让我们得以一窥油脂化学的未来——它将超越传统的界限,包括烷基链,并在可持续材料和特种化学品中得到更广泛的应用。我们热烈邀请您与我们一起参加将于2026年6月8日至10日在德国多特蒙德举行的第13届油脂作为化学工业可再生资源研讨会。我们期待双方进一步开展有益的交流和合作。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Fats and Oils as Renewable Feedstock for the Chemical Industry

Fats and oils have long served as renewable feedstocks for the chemical industry, traditionally applied in the production of soaps, surfactants, lubricants, and cosmetic ingredients. Today, they are of growing interest not only in the context of food and energy—where global consumption of vegetable oils surpassed 200 million metric tons in 2023 [1]—but also as sources of renewable carbon for materials and platform chemicals [2, 3]. Their molecular structure offers a unique duality: a functional group amenable to classical transformations and a hydrocarbon-rich alkyl chain that remains underexploited.

Despite substantial developments, most large-scale applications of oleochemistry still focus on the functionalization of the carboxylic acid group. However, in light of pressing global challenges—climate change, resource scarcity, and the need for more regionalized value chains—it is time to rethink oleochemistry with a stronger emphasis on the alkyl chain. Unlocking the potential of this saturated or unsaturated backbone could enable access to biobased building blocks for polymers and high-performance materials, helping to reshape the chemical industry on a more sustainable foundation.

Compared to lignocellulosic biomass, fats and oils offer immediate advantages: they are aliphatic, oxygen-poor, relatively pure, and processable with established methods. Moreover, existing large-scale production infrastructure can directly be used and extended. Locally grown plant oils and microbially derived lipids—produced via fermentation of agro-industrial sidestreams or even CO₂—are particularly attractive in building more resilient, regionally anchored supply chains. By fostering innovation in this area, we can not only support global sustainability targets but also stimulate national and European leadership in specialty chemicals.

In particular, the functionalization of the saturated alkyl chain remains largely unexplored. While some enzymatic methods introduce new functionalities, chemo- and biocatalytic strategies for selective C–H functionalization are still in their infancy in this context. Reactions such as borylations, aminations, oxygenations, halogenations, and desaturations hold great potential, especially when regioselectivity can be finely tuned.

At the 12th Workshop on Fats and Oils as Renewable Resources for the Chemical Industry in June 2024, promising contributions addressed these future directions (Book of Abstracts can be found under: http://www.abiosus.org/docs/Book_of_Abstracts_2024.pdf)

Karol Grela (University of Warsaw) presented a scalable ethenolysis of technical methyl oleate using ppm-level Ru catalysts, while Lukas Gooßen (University of Bochum) demonstrated the potential of isomerizing metathesis [6] and decarboxylative ketonization for fatty acid valorization. The special issue also includes a review by Frank Hollmann (TU Delft) on Biocatalytic oxyfunctionalisation of fatty acids [7], underlining the complementary role of enzyme-based approaches.

The contributions compiled in this issue reflect the dynamic and innovative spirit of the field. They offer a glimpse into the future of oleochemistry—one that expands beyond traditional boundaries to include the alkyl chain and enables broader applications in sustainable materials and specialty chemicals.

We warmly invite you to continue this journey with us at the 13th Workshop on Fats and Oils as Renewable Resources for the Chemical Industry, to be held in Dortmund, Germany, from June 8 to 10, 2026. We look forward to further inspiring exchanges and collaborative progress.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
101
审稿时长
6-16 weeks
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology is a peer-reviewed journal publishing original research articles, reviews, and other contributions on lipid related topics in food science and technology, biomedical science including clinical and pre-clinical research, nutrition, animal science, plant and microbial lipids, (bio)chemistry, oleochemistry, biotechnology, processing, physical chemistry, and analytics including lipidomics. A major focus of the journal is the synthesis of health related topics with applied aspects. Following is a selection of subject areas which are of special interest to EJLST: Animal and plant products for healthier foods including strategic feeding and transgenic crops Authentication and analysis of foods for ensuring food quality and safety Bioavailability of PUFA and other nutrients Dietary lipids and minor compounds, their specific roles in food products and in nutrition Food technology and processing for safer and healthier products Functional foods and nutraceuticals Lipidomics Lipid structuring and formulations Oleochemistry, lipid-derived polymers and biomaterials Processes using lipid-modifying enzymes The scope is not restricted to these areas. Submissions on topics at the interface of basic research and applications are strongly encouraged. The journal is the official organ the European Federation for the Science and Technology of Lipids (Euro Fed Lipid).
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