Deep Learning Applications in Lymphoma Imaging.

Lymphomas are a diverse group of disorders characterized by the clonal proliferation of lymphocytes. While definitive diagnosis of lymphoma relies on histopathology, immune-phenotyping and additional molecular analyses, imaging modalities such as PET/CT, CT, and MRI play a central role in the diagnostic process and management, from assessing disease extent, to evaluation of response to therapy and detecting recurrence. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning models like convolutional neural networks (CNNs), is transforming lymphoma imaging by enabling automated detection, segmentation, and classification. This review elaborates on recent advancements in deep learning for lymphoma imaging and its integration into clinical practice. Challenges include obtaining high-quality, annotated datasets, addressing biases in training data, and ensuring consistent model performance. Ongoing efforts are focused on enhancing model interpretability, incorporating diverse patient populations to improve generalizability, and ensuring safe and effective integration of AI into clinical workflows, with the goal of improving patient outcomes.