生物行为科学证据对美国法官推理和量刑决策影响的混合方法分析

IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q1 LAW
Mia A. Thomaidou, Colleen M. Berryessa, Sandy S. Xie
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在当代刑事司法系统中,将神经科学证据整合到法律程序中既带来了复杂的挑战,也带来了机遇。本研究调查了法官是如何根据对行为或精神诊断的科学解释来做出判决决策的——他们的信仰和个人特征是如何形成的。具体来说,它解决了两个研究问题:(1)行为的科学解释如何影响法官评估责任的方式?(2)哪些认知偏见或误解可能影响他们对这些证据的解释?我们使用混合方法,包括自然语言处理技术和定性分析,分析来自34名美国刑事法院法官的半结构化访谈的数据。情绪分析显示,不同科学决定论信仰程度的法官,在性别、年龄、地理区域和专业背景的影响下,情绪基调存在差异。结构主题建模确定了关键的考虑因素,包括决定论、责任、治疗需求和道德问题。定性分析通过揭示法官在考虑对被告行为进行科学解释时所面临的哲学和法律考虑,丰富了这些结果。研究结果强调了对行为、个人信仰和司法决策的科学理解之间微妙的相互作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A mixed-methods analysis of the influence of bio-behavioral scientific evidence on U.S. judges' reasoning and sentencing decision-making
In contemporary criminal justice systems, the integration of neuroscience evidence into legal proceedings poses complex challenges as well as opportunities. This study investigates how judges–shaped by their beliefs and personal characteristics–approach sentencing decision-making in light of scientific explanations of behavior or psychiatric diagnoses. Specifically, it addresses two research questions: (1) How do scientific explanations of behavior influence how judges assess responsibility? (2) What cognitive biases or misconceptions may affect their interpretations of such evidence? We utilized a mixed-methods approach, including Natural Language Processing techniques and qualitative analysis, to analyze data from semi-structured interviews with 34 U.S. criminal court judges. Sentiment analysis revealed differences in emotional tone between judges with varying degrees of belief in scientific determinism and based on gender, age, geographical region, and professional background. Structural Topic Modeling identified key considerations, including determinism, responsibility, treatment needs, and moral concerns. Qualitative analysis enriched these results by unraveling the philosophical and legal considerations that judges grapple with when considering scientific explanations for defendants' behavior. Findings underscore the nuanced interplay between scientific understandings of behavior, personal beliefs, and judicial decision-making.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
8.70%
发文量
54
审稿时长
41 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Law and Psychiatry is intended to provide a multi-disciplinary forum for the exchange of ideas and information among professionals concerned with the interface of law and psychiatry. There is a growing awareness of the need for exploring the fundamental goals of both the legal and psychiatric systems and the social implications of their interaction. The journal seeks to enhance understanding and cooperation in the field through the varied approaches represented, not only by law and psychiatry, but also by the social sciences and related disciplines.
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