Mia A. Thomaidou, Colleen M. Berryessa, Sandy S. Xie
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A mixed-methods analysis of the influence of bio-behavioral scientific evidence on U.S. judges' reasoning and sentencing decision-making
In contemporary criminal justice systems, the integration of neuroscience evidence into legal proceedings poses complex challenges as well as opportunities. This study investigates how judges–shaped by their beliefs and personal characteristics–approach sentencing decision-making in light of scientific explanations of behavior or psychiatric diagnoses. Specifically, it addresses two research questions: (1) How do scientific explanations of behavior influence how judges assess responsibility? (2) What cognitive biases or misconceptions may affect their interpretations of such evidence? We utilized a mixed-methods approach, including Natural Language Processing techniques and qualitative analysis, to analyze data from semi-structured interviews with 34 U.S. criminal court judges. Sentiment analysis revealed differences in emotional tone between judges with varying degrees of belief in scientific determinism and based on gender, age, geographical region, and professional background. Structural Topic Modeling identified key considerations, including determinism, responsibility, treatment needs, and moral concerns. Qualitative analysis enriched these results by unraveling the philosophical and legal considerations that judges grapple with when considering scientific explanations for defendants' behavior. Findings underscore the nuanced interplay between scientific understandings of behavior, personal beliefs, and judicial decision-making.
期刊介绍:
The International Journal of Law and Psychiatry is intended to provide a multi-disciplinary forum for the exchange of ideas and information among professionals concerned with the interface of law and psychiatry. There is a growing awareness of the need for exploring the fundamental goals of both the legal and psychiatric systems and the social implications of their interaction. The journal seeks to enhance understanding and cooperation in the field through the varied approaches represented, not only by law and psychiatry, but also by the social sciences and related disciplines.