Improving sustainability in waste management based on the Internet of Things: A robust hybrid decision-making framework

One of the practical fields for implementing the Internet of Things (IoT) is Waste Management Systems (WMS) in smart cities, which is vital due to the increase in population density. The implementation of IoT in the WMS faces many challenges that affect the successful execution of this technology. Therefore, this examination aims to present a hybrid MCDM framework under uncertainty to evaluate the challenges of implementing IoT in WMS of smart cities. A set of criteria, including technical dimensions, technological capabilities, and aspects of sustainable development, are considered in this research. Then, criteria are weighted utilizing the Best Worst Method (BWM) approach. Next, the challenges of IoT in the WMS are assessed using the Grey Evaluation based on the Distance from Average Solution (EDAS-G) technique. The Grey Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS-G), Grey COmplex Proportional Assessment of alternatives (COPRAS-G), and Grey Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS-G) techniques are proposed to examine the validation. The findings indicated the lack of Information Technology (IT) infrastructure/architecture was the most critical challenge. Policymakers and planners must provide suitable facilities and architecture for IoT implementation in various fields. The fields of attracting investments and developing IT infrastructure are improved through financial incentives and better cooperation with companies.