{"title":"尼日利亚12-23个月儿童免疫完全覆盖的区域差异和孕产妇社会人口统计学决定因素：来自2018年国家人口与健康调查的见解。","authors":"Jamilu Sani, Salad Halane, Mohamed Mustaf Ahmed, Abdiwali Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Dahir Hersi","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S520721","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood immunization is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite global efforts, Nigeria faces persistently low immunization uptake with significant regional and socioeconomic disparities. This study investigated the prevalence, regional disparities, and sociodemographic determinants of full immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary analysis utilized data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), focusing on 2453 mothers with children aged 12-23 months. Full immunization coverage was defined per World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of coverage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 26% of children were fully immunized nationwide. Marked regional disparities were observed, with the North West (13%) and North East (18%) exhibiting the lowest rates, while the South East (42%) and South South (41%) had the highest. Multivariable analysis revealed that maternal education, household wealth, and region of residence were significant predictors. Children of mothers with higher education were more likely to be fully immunized (AOR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.10-3.18, p = 0.022), as were those from the richest households compared to the poorest (AOR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.95-5.25, p < 0.001). Children in the South East (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.16-3.46, p = 0.013) and South South (AOR: 1.73, 95% CI: 0.99-3.02, p = 0.052) also showed significantly higher odds of full immunization compared to the North West.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Full immunization coverage in Nigeria remains critically low, driven by pronounced regional and socioeconomic inequities. Targeted interventions focusing on improving maternal education, expanding equitable healthcare access in underserved regions, and providing financial support to low-income families are essential. Policy efforts must prioritize these vulnerable groups to enhance child health outcomes and achieve universal immunization coverage in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"16 ","pages":"157-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255271/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Regional Disparities and Maternal Sociodemographic Determinants of Full Immunization Coverage Among Children Aged 12-23 Months in Nigeria: Insights from NDHS 2018.\",\"authors\":\"Jamilu Sani, Salad Halane, Mohamed Mustaf Ahmed, Abdiwali Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Dahir Hersi\",\"doi\":\"10.2147/PHMT.S520721\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood immunization is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite global efforts, Nigeria faces persistently low immunization uptake with significant regional and socioeconomic disparities. This study investigated the prevalence, regional disparities, and sociodemographic determinants of full immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary analysis utilized data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), focusing on 2453 mothers with children aged 12-23 months. Full immunization coverage was defined per World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of coverage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 26% of children were fully immunized nationwide. Marked regional disparities were observed, with the North West (13%) and North East (18%) exhibiting the lowest rates, while the South East (42%) and South South (41%) had the highest. Multivariable analysis revealed that maternal education, household wealth, and region of residence were significant predictors. Children of mothers with higher education were more likely to be fully immunized (AOR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.10-3.18, p = 0.022), as were those from the richest households compared to the poorest (AOR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.95-5.25, p < 0.001). Children in the South East (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.16-3.46, p = 0.013) and South South (AOR: 1.73, 95% CI: 0.99-3.02, p = 0.052) also showed significantly higher odds of full immunization compared to the North West.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Full immunization coverage in Nigeria remains critically low, driven by pronounced regional and socioeconomic inequities. Targeted interventions focusing on improving maternal education, expanding equitable healthcare access in underserved regions, and providing financial support to low-income families are essential. Policy efforts must prioritize these vulnerable groups to enhance child health outcomes and achieve universal immunization coverage in Nigeria.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":74410,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics\",\"volume\":\"16 \",\"pages\":\"157-170\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255271/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S520721\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"PEDIATRICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S520721","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PEDIATRICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：儿童免疫对于降低疫苗可预防疾病的发病率和死亡率至关重要。尽管全球作出了努力，但尼日利亚的免疫接种率仍然很低，存在显著的区域和社会经济差异。本研究调查了尼日利亚12-23个月儿童免疫全面覆盖的患病率、地区差异和社会人口统计学决定因素。方法：该二次分析利用了2018年尼日利亚人口与健康调查（NDHS）的数据，重点关注了2453名有12-23个月孩子的母亲。根据世界卫生组织（世卫组织）准则确定了全面免疫覆盖范围。描述性统计、双变量分析和多变量逻辑回归确定了覆盖率的预测因子。结果：全国只有26%的儿童完全免疫。地区差异明显，西北（13%）和东北（18%）的比率最低，而东南（42%）和南南（41%）的比率最高。多变量分析显示，母亲教育程度、家庭财富和居住地区是显著的预测因素。母亲受过高等教育的孩子更有可能获得充分免疫（AOR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.10-3.18, p = 0.022），来自最富裕家庭的孩子与最贫穷家庭的孩子相比也更有可能获得充分免疫（AOR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.95-5.25, p < 0.001）。东南部儿童（AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.16-3.46, p = 0.013）和南部儿童（AOR: 1.73, 95% CI: 0.99-3.02, p = 0.052）与西北部儿童相比，也显示出明显更高的完全免疫几率。结论：由于明显的区域和社会经济不平等，尼日利亚的全面免疫覆盖率仍然极低。有针对性的干预措施至关重要，重点是改善孕产妇教育，在服务不足的地区扩大公平的医疗保健机会，并向低收入家庭提供财政支持。政策努力必须优先考虑这些弱势群体，以加强儿童健康成果并在尼日利亚实现普遍免疫覆盖。
Regional Disparities and Maternal Sociodemographic Determinants of Full Immunization Coverage Among Children Aged 12-23 Months in Nigeria: Insights from NDHS 2018.
Background: Childhood immunization is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite global efforts, Nigeria faces persistently low immunization uptake with significant regional and socioeconomic disparities. This study investigated the prevalence, regional disparities, and sociodemographic determinants of full immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Nigeria.
Methods: This secondary analysis utilized data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), focusing on 2453 mothers with children aged 12-23 months. Full immunization coverage was defined per World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of coverage.
Results: Only 26% of children were fully immunized nationwide. Marked regional disparities were observed, with the North West (13%) and North East (18%) exhibiting the lowest rates, while the South East (42%) and South South (41%) had the highest. Multivariable analysis revealed that maternal education, household wealth, and region of residence were significant predictors. Children of mothers with higher education were more likely to be fully immunized (AOR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.10-3.18, p = 0.022), as were those from the richest households compared to the poorest (AOR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.95-5.25, p < 0.001). Children in the South East (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.16-3.46, p = 0.013) and South South (AOR: 1.73, 95% CI: 0.99-3.02, p = 0.052) also showed significantly higher odds of full immunization compared to the North West.
Conclusion: Full immunization coverage in Nigeria remains critically low, driven by pronounced regional and socioeconomic inequities. Targeted interventions focusing on improving maternal education, expanding equitable healthcare access in underserved regions, and providing financial support to low-income families are essential. Policy efforts must prioritize these vulnerable groups to enhance child health outcomes and achieve universal immunization coverage in Nigeria.
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