{"title":"眼睑痉挛治疗的新趋势：以个性化方法取代标准化方法。","authors":"Laura M Scorr, Hyder A Jinnah","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2025.2532080","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Blepharospasm is a type of dystonia associated with overactivity of the orbicularis oculi and nearby muscles causing significant disability. Available treatments are only symptomatic, and many patients experience disability related to incomplete symptom relief.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The authors provide a review the phenomenology of blepharospasm and its usual treatments. The evidence for botulinum toxin, oral pharmaceuticals and surgical treatments are summarized. Despite considerable phenotypic heterogeneity, the literature indicates a standardized approach to treatment is often pursued. PubMed was used as the primary source database for the literature reviewed relating to the treatment of blepharospasm published between April 1985 and May 2025.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Although a standardized approach to treatment is common, a customized approach with attention to the particular combination of motor and non-motor symptoms occurring in individual patients improves therapeutic outcomes. The anatomical rationale and experience supporting a more personalized treatment strategy is emphasized. Also summarized are specific topics and strategies that are the subject of ongoing research to optimize the care of blepharospasm in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"New trends in the treatment of blepharospasm: replacing the standardized approach with a personalized approach.\",\"authors\":\"Laura M Scorr, Hyder A Jinnah\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/14737175.2025.2532080\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Blepharospasm is a type of dystonia associated with overactivity of the orbicularis oculi and nearby muscles causing significant disability. Available treatments are only symptomatic, and many patients experience disability related to incomplete symptom relief.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The authors provide a review the phenomenology of blepharospasm and its usual treatments. The evidence for botulinum toxin, oral pharmaceuticals and surgical treatments are summarized. Despite considerable phenotypic heterogeneity, the literature indicates a standardized approach to treatment is often pursued. PubMed was used as the primary source database for the literature reviewed relating to the treatment of blepharospasm published between April 1985 and May 2025.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Although a standardized approach to treatment is common, a customized approach with attention to the particular combination of motor and non-motor symptoms occurring in individual patients improves therapeutic outcomes. The anatomical rationale and experience supporting a more personalized treatment strategy is emphasized. Also summarized are specific topics and strategies that are the subject of ongoing research to optimize the care of blepharospasm in the future.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12190,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"1-9\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-14\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2025.2532080\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2025.2532080","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
New trends in the treatment of blepharospasm: replacing the standardized approach with a personalized approach.
Introduction: Blepharospasm is a type of dystonia associated with overactivity of the orbicularis oculi and nearby muscles causing significant disability. Available treatments are only symptomatic, and many patients experience disability related to incomplete symptom relief.
Areas covered: The authors provide a review the phenomenology of blepharospasm and its usual treatments. The evidence for botulinum toxin, oral pharmaceuticals and surgical treatments are summarized. Despite considerable phenotypic heterogeneity, the literature indicates a standardized approach to treatment is often pursued. PubMed was used as the primary source database for the literature reviewed relating to the treatment of blepharospasm published between April 1985 and May 2025.
Expert opinion: Although a standardized approach to treatment is common, a customized approach with attention to the particular combination of motor and non-motor symptoms occurring in individual patients improves therapeutic outcomes. The anatomical rationale and experience supporting a more personalized treatment strategy is emphasized. Also summarized are specific topics and strategies that are the subject of ongoing research to optimize the care of blepharospasm in the future.
期刊介绍：
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics (ISSN 1473-7175) provides expert reviews on the use of drugs and medicines in clinical neurology and neuropsychiatry. Coverage includes disease management, new medicines and drugs in neurology, therapeutic indications, diagnostics, medical treatment guidelines and neurological diseases such as stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer''s and Parkinson''s.
Comprehensive coverage in each review is complemented by the unique Expert Review format and includes the following sections:
Expert Opinion - a personal view of the data presented in the article, a discussion on the developments that are likely to be important in the future, and the avenues of research likely to become exciting as further studies yield more detailed results
Article Highlights – an executive summary of the author’s most critical points
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