Nikola Derková, Markéta Končelová, Roman Křivánek, Barbora Strouhalová, Tomáš Chuman
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Additionally, erosion modelling was used to reveal whether the field survey results align with the present modelled potential soil erosion. Findings indicate that this unique settlement area is threatened by water and tillage soil erosion to such an extent that some of the sunken features are being destroyed. The rate of soil erosion estimated by the field survey is between 0.6 and 18 mm.year<sup>−1</sup>; the modelled total soil erosion for the resurveyed features was up to 3.6 mm.year<sup>−1</sup> (50.7 t ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>). Modelling also suggested even higher erosion on a slope where a smaller rondel was detected by a geophysical survey in 2019 but remains unexcavated. The results highlight the urgent need for conservation efforts to protect this unique archaeological settlement site featuring three rondels on the same land from further degradation. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
本研究评估了土壤侵蚀对Bylany独特的新石器时代聚落遗址的威胁。自20世纪50年代以来,人们一直使用传统的考古方法进行勘探,最近又使用了航空勘探和地球物理等非破坏性技术。利用磁强法进行的考古地球物理调查显示,碎片状线状磁异常更为频繁,磁强减弱,表明沉船考古特征存在一定差异。我们假设这些差异是由土壤侵蚀造成的。为了验证这一点,我们在有充分记录的考古遗址进行了实地调查,比较了沉没特征的深度变化。此外,侵蚀模型用于揭示实地调查结果是否与目前模拟的潜在土壤侵蚀一致。研究结果表明,这一独特的聚落区受到水和耕作土壤侵蚀的威胁,以至于一些下沉的特征正在被破坏。实地调查估计的土壤侵蚀率在0.6至18毫米之间。对重测地物的模拟土壤侵蚀总量达到3.6 mm。Year−1 (50.7 t ha−1 Year−1)。建模还表明,在2019年的地球物理调查中发现了一个较小的回旋,但仍未挖掘的斜坡上的侵蚀程度更高。研究结果表明,迫切需要采取保护措施,保护这一独特的考古聚落遗址,防止其进一步退化。因此,这项研究提供了一个令人信服的意想不到的土壤厚度减少的案例,正如地球物理调查所表明的那样,并得到了挖掘数据的证实。
Quantifying Water and Tillage Soil Erosion Risk to the Neolithic Settlement Site of Bylany (Czech Republic)
This study assesses the threat of soil erosion to the unique Neolithic settlement site of Bylany. Since the 1950s, it has been explored using traditional archaeological methods and, more recently, non-destructive techniques like aerial prospection and geophysics. The archaeo-geophysical survey using magnetometry revealed more frequent fragmented linear magnetic anomalies and decreased magnetic intensities, indicating some differences in the sunken archaeological features. We hypothesised that these differences result from soil erosion. To test this, we conducted field surveys at well-documented archaeological sites, comparing changes in the depths of sunken features. Additionally, erosion modelling was used to reveal whether the field survey results align with the present modelled potential soil erosion. Findings indicate that this unique settlement area is threatened by water and tillage soil erosion to such an extent that some of the sunken features are being destroyed. The rate of soil erosion estimated by the field survey is between 0.6 and 18 mm.year−1; the modelled total soil erosion for the resurveyed features was up to 3.6 mm.year−1 (50.7 t ha−1 year−1). Modelling also suggested even higher erosion on a slope where a smaller rondel was detected by a geophysical survey in 2019 but remains unexcavated. The results highlight the urgent need for conservation efforts to protect this unique archaeological settlement site featuring three rondels on the same land from further degradation. This study thus provides a compelling case of unanticipated soil thickness reduction, as was suggested by geophysical surveys and verified by excavation data.
期刊介绍:
Geoarchaeology is an interdisciplinary journal published six times per year (in January, March, May, July, September and November). It presents the results of original research at the methodological and theoretical interface between archaeology and the geosciences and includes within its scope: interdisciplinary work focusing on understanding archaeological sites, their environmental context, and particularly site formation processes and how the analysis of sedimentary records can enhance our understanding of human activity in Quaternary environments. Manuscripts should examine the interrelationship between archaeology and the various disciplines within Quaternary science and the Earth Sciences more generally, including, for example: geology, geography, geomorphology, pedology, climatology, oceanography, geochemistry, geochronology, and geophysics. We also welcome papers that deal with the biological record of past human activity through the analysis of faunal and botanical remains and palaeoecological reconstructions that shed light on past human-environment interactions. The journal also welcomes manuscripts concerning the examination and geological context of human fossil remains as well as papers that employ analytical techniques to advance understanding of the composition and origin or material culture such as, for example, ceramics, metals, lithics, building stones, plasters, and cements. Such composition and provenance studies should be strongly grounded in their geological context through, for example, the systematic analysis of potential source materials.