我们能完全否定本体论吗?

Noûs Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI:10.1111/nous.70006
Christopher J. Masterman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本体论虚无主义者完全否定本体论,认为本体论结构对我们的理论化是不必要的补充。最近对这一观点的辩护涉及到一种复杂的组合,将高度表达但在本体论上无害的语言与一种形而上学的特征相结合——在自然语言特征中调用的非客观的、完整的但可修改的事件状态——放置像“下雨了”这样的句子。虚无主义者认为,他们能够在不诉诸任何本体论的情况下,保留我们日常主张的核心。在本文中,我认为,通过否定本体论,虚无主义者无法使他们的虚无主义友好的语言以一种虚无主义形而上学的方式来理解,这种形而上学保留了我们通常主张所展示的解释统一的不要求概念。这给虚无主义者的主张带来了巨大的压力,他们认为本体论是对我们的理论化的不必要的补充。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Can we repudiate ontology altogether?
Ontological nihilists repudiate ontology altogether, maintaining that ontological structure is an unnecessary addition to our theorizing. Recent defenses of the view involve a sophisticated combination of highly expressive but ontologically innocent languages combined with a metaphysics of features—non‐objectual, complete but modifiable states of affairs invoked in natural language feature‐placing sentences like “It is raining.” Nihilists argue that they are able to preserve the core of our ordinary claims without appealing to any ontology. In this paper, I argue that by repudiating ontology, the nihilist is unable to make their nihilist‐friendly language intelligible in terms of a nihilist metaphysics that preserves an undemanding notion of explanatory unity exhibited by our ordinary claims. This puts significant pressure on the nihilist's claim that ontology is an unnecessary addition to our theorizing.
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