Hallux rigidus with an increased or equal first metatarsal length after a cheilectomy and first metatarsal shortening osteotomy (FMSO) using a small shortening scarf: A retrospective 7-year clinical and gait analysis follow-up.

Background: In hallux rigidus, the relative length of the first metatarsal has been implicated in its pathogenesis, suggesting a potential benefit from combined surgical approaches.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of a combined surgical approach using cheilectomy and shortening SCARF osteotomy for moderate hallux rigidus (Coughlin grades 2-3) in active patients with a first metatarsal index equal to or longer than the second metatarsal.

Study design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Twenty-three feet in 20 patients (mean age 49.4 ± 8.4 years) underwent combined cheilectomy and 4-mm shortening SCARF osteotomy. Outcomes were assessed at a mean follow-up of 6.7 ± 2.5 years using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society and European Foot and Ankle Surgery scores, range of motion, and gait analysis.

Results: American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scores improved from 32.2±11.7 preoperatively to 86.6±6.2 at the follow-up, and European Foot and Ankle Surgery scores increased from 13.8±2.8 perioperatively to 35.4±3.9 at the follow-up. The total range of motion increased from 32.8° to 44.7° ±16,3°. Gait analysis revealed a physiological plantar pressure distribution at follow-up. Complications included the recurrence of joint stiffness and pain in three patients and transient transfer metatarsalgia in one patient.

Conclusion: Shortening SCARF osteotomy plus mild cheilectomy may be an effective joint-preserving procedure in patients with first metatarsal overlength, with results comparable to those of cheilectomy and other first metatarsal shortening osteotomies.