Single-nucleus profiling of the left ventricle of the mouse heart after chronic stress.

It is widely accepted that stress and cardiac disease are related, but the exact mechanism is still up for debate. Although stress has been scientifically confirmed as a causative factor, there is still a lack of qualitative and quantitative indicator systems for stress-induced cardiac injury. The forensic evidence frequently indicates that cases of sudden cardiac death are often preceded by prolonged exposure to chronic stress factors. However, the cellular responses and mechanisms that trigger and regulate these activities in the pathological and physiological processes of chronic stress are still poorly understood. The left ventricle (LV), as a critical target organ in cardiovascular diseases, still has unclear cellular heterogeneity under chronic stress. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), we established a cellular atlas of 99,154 LV cells (42,491 stress and 56,663 control), comprehensively profiling all major cardiac cell types. The resulting dataset not only provides a foundation for deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying chronic stress in cardiovascular dysfunction but also enables the identification of potential biomarkers for future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.