In Vıtro Productıon of Bovıne Blastocysts and Cryopreservatıon Technıques.

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have opened new avenues for improving genetic gain and reproductive efficiency in livestock. In this context, in vitro embryo production (IVP) and cryopreservation technologies have emerged as strategic tools in modern cattle breeding programs. The ability to produce high-quality bovine blastocysts under laboratory conditions offers considerable advantages, including the preservation of elite genetics, increased fertility outcomes, and enhanced sustainability in animal production systems.This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the IVP process, beginning with the collection of bovine ovaries, followed by in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization (IVF), embryo culture (IVC), and blastocyst cryopreservation. Particular emphasis is given to the use of advanced culture media enriched with growth factors and hormones, as well as to vitrification techniques such as solid surface vitrification (SSV) and conventional methods. Comparative evaluations of post-thaw viability, expansion, and zona hatching rates demonstrate the effectiveness of optimized protocols in preserving embryo integrity. The integration of IVP with genomic selection is also highlighted as a means of accelerating genetic improvement, particularly through early oocyte recovery from prepubertal donors.Overall, this study underscores the critical role of bovine blastocyst production in the future of sustainable animal agriculture, offering both scientific and practical insights into its application in reproductive biotechnology.