Roles and Impacts of Integrative Medical Interventions in Central Nervous System Tumor Treatment: Multi-Technology Convergence and the Paradigm Shift Toward Functional Reconstruction

Aims

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors, particularly glioblastoma, remain a formidable clinical challenge due to their aggressive nature, high heterogeneity, and the restrictive blood–brain barrier. This review aimed to synthesize the roles and impacts of integrative medical interventions in CNS tumor management, highlighting the evolution from traditional monotherapy to multi-technology convergence. It further seeks to address technical barriers and ethical considerations to guide future research and clinical innovation in this field.

Methods

The review discusses a range of integrative medical interventions, including noninvasive neuromodulation, electrotherapy, phototherapy, ultrasound, and magnetotherapy, alongside psychological, nutritional, and herbal medicine approaches. It also evaluates advanced technologies reshaping precision oncology, such as AI-driven diagnostics, 3D organoid models, and multi-omics sequencing, while examining barriers to technical integration and ethical governance issues.

Results

Integrative medical interventions, combined with multi-technology convergence, play significant roles in CNS tumor management: noninvasive neuromodulation, electrotherapy, phototherapy, ultrasound, and magnetotherapy, together with psychological, nutritional, and herbal approaches, contribute to comprehensive care. Advanced technologies—including AI-driven diagnostics, 3D organoid models, and multi-omics sequencing—enable dynamic disease monitoring, targeted drug delivery, and immune microenvironment remodeling, thereby advancing precision oncology. However, technical integration is hindered by data heterogeneity and translational inefficiency, necessitating standardized frameworks and interdisciplinary collaboration. Additionally, ethical governance is critical for ensuring equitable care.

Conclusion

The future landscape of integrative CNS tumor management lies in achieving functional reconstruction through technology-driven innovation, patient-centered care, and global cooperation, with standardized frameworks and interdisciplinary collaboration essential to overcoming existing challenges.