Max Hüllwegen, Maximilian Kleinert, Stephan von Haehling, Andreas Fischer
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GDF15: from biomarker to target in cancer cachexia.
Most patients with advanced cancer suffer from cachexia, a complex metabolic disorder characterized by unintentional body weight loss that diminishes their quality of life and reduces the effectiveness of therapies. Currently, effective treatments for cachexia remain elusive. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a nonspecific blood biomarker of cancer, hyperemesis gravidarum, and various chronic diseases. GDF15 acts through GDNF family receptor α-like (GFRAL) receptors in the hindbrain to influence food intake, nausea, body weight, and insulin sensitivity. In this review we synthesize the current literature on the role of GDF15 in regulating metabolism and immunosuppression, and elucidate how these processes impact on cancer progression. We highlight recent clinical trials demonstrating that targeting GDF15 can overcome resistance to immunotherapy and increase physical activity, appetite, and weight gain in cancer patients.
期刊介绍：
Trends in Cancer, a part of the Trends review journals, delivers concise and engaging expert commentary on key research topics and cutting-edge advances in cancer discovery and medicine.
Trends in Cancer serves as a unique platform for multidisciplinary information, fostering discussion and education for scientists, clinicians, policy makers, and patients & advocates.Covering various aspects, it presents opportunities, challenges, and impacts of basic, translational, and clinical findings, industry R&D, technology, innovation, ethics, and cancer policy and funding in an authoritative yet reader-friendly format.
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