Numerical simulation study on factors influencing the heat transfer performance of spray cooling

With the advancement of miniaturization, high power, high performance, and high integration in various electronic devices, significant heat can be released within a short period during operation. Failure to dissipate heat promptly can lead to localized overheating. Spray cooling has garnered considerable attention due to its superior cooling efficiency. This paper utilizes numerical simulation techniques to investigate the heat transfer performance of spray cooling, focusing on the effects of factors such as mass flow rate, spray height, spray cone angle, additive concentration, and additive type on heat transfer characteristics. The study reveals the following findings: Increasing the working fluid flow rate or appropriately reducing the spray cone angle can significantly enhance the heat transfer performance of spray cooling. As the spray height increases, the surface temperature of the heat sink decreases initially and subsequently increases. Optimal spray cooling performance is attained when the spray projection radius constitutes approximately 85% of the heat sink surface radius. An increase in the mass fraction of methanol results in a gradual decline in the heat transfer performance of spray cooling. The higher the heat flux density on the heat sink surface, the more pronounced the decline in heat transfer performance. The addition of alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, or salts such as sodium chloride and calcium chloride, weakens the heat transfer performance of spray cooling. At the same concentration, the weakening effect of salt additives is more pronounced.