Guotao Sun , Jia-Xi Zhou , Alexandre Cugerone , Lingli Zhou , Kai Luo , Maoda Lu
{"title":"成矿条件在胶状闪锌矿高锗富集中的作用——以半边街矿床为例","authors":"Guotao Sun , Jia-Xi Zhou , Alexandre Cugerone , Lingli Zhou , Kai Luo , Maoda Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107862","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colloform sulfides host significant germanium (Ge) resources in South China. The Banbianjie deposit, situated in southwest China, is a carbonate-hosted Zn-Ge deposit (0.8 Mt. @ 1.78 to 9.50 % Zn and > 800 t @ 100–110 ppm Ge) and is rich in colloform sphalerite with widespread occurrence of Ge-rich nanoparticles. Previous studies documented that Ge enrichment in sphalerite may be correlated to internal mechanisms, however, the impact of external factors, such as source and fluid mixing, on Ge enrichment is poorly understood. In this study, we applied in situ trace elements and S-Pb isotopic compositions to interpret the external controls influencing Ge distribution. New laser-ablation inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) analyses reveal that sphalerite contains very heterogeneous Ge contents from 221 to 1916 ppm (mean = 843 ppm Ge), positively correlating with Fe, Mn, and Pb and negatively with Cd concentrations. Sulfur isotopic compositions infer a predominant sulfur source (~ − 10 ‰) and a subordinate sulfur source (~ − 1 ‰). The Pb isotopic ratios of sphalerite plot on the upper crust curve, indicating a crustal source for the metals. The sulfur isotope geothermometer estimates the formation temperatures of sphalerite mainly below 250 °C and pH changes may cause the transition of sulfide phases. Trace elements and δ<sup>34</sup>S values indicate a predominant Ge-rich fluid and a subordinate Cd-rich fluid. The influxes of Cd-rich fluid are correlated with local Ge-poor zonings in sphalerite. We propose that fluid mixing can locally influence the Ge contents in sphalerite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 107862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The role of ore-forming conditions in high germanium enrichment of colloform sphalerite: A case study of the Banbianjie deposit, SW China\",\"authors\":\"Guotao Sun , Jia-Xi Zhou , Alexandre Cugerone , Lingli Zhou , Kai Luo , Maoda Lu\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107862\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Colloform sulfides host significant germanium (Ge) resources in South China. The Banbianjie deposit, situated in southwest China, is a carbonate-hosted Zn-Ge deposit (0.8 Mt. @ 1.78 to 9.50 % Zn and > 800 t @ 100–110 ppm Ge) and is rich in colloform sphalerite with widespread occurrence of Ge-rich nanoparticles. Previous studies documented that Ge enrichment in sphalerite may be correlated to internal mechanisms, however, the impact of external factors, such as source and fluid mixing, on Ge enrichment is poorly understood. In this study, we applied in situ trace elements and S-Pb isotopic compositions to interpret the external controls influencing Ge distribution. New laser-ablation inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) analyses reveal that sphalerite contains very heterogeneous Ge contents from 221 to 1916 ppm (mean = 843 ppm Ge), positively correlating with Fe, Mn, and Pb and negatively with Cd concentrations. Sulfur isotopic compositions infer a predominant sulfur source (~ − 10 ‰) and a subordinate sulfur source (~ − 1 ‰). The Pb isotopic ratios of sphalerite plot on the upper crust curve, indicating a crustal source for the metals. The sulfur isotope geothermometer estimates the formation temperatures of sphalerite mainly below 250 °C and pH changes may cause the transition of sulfide phases. Trace elements and δ<sup>34</sup>S values indicate a predominant Ge-rich fluid and a subordinate Cd-rich fluid. The influxes of Cd-rich fluid are correlated with local Ge-poor zonings in sphalerite. We propose that fluid mixing can locally influence the Ge contents in sphalerite.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16336,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Geochemical Exploration\",\"volume\":\"278 \",\"pages\":\"Article 107862\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Geochemical Exploration\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375674225001943\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375674225001943","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of ore-forming conditions in high germanium enrichment of colloform sphalerite: A case study of the Banbianjie deposit, SW China
Colloform sulfides host significant germanium (Ge) resources in South China. The Banbianjie deposit, situated in southwest China, is a carbonate-hosted Zn-Ge deposit (0.8 Mt. @ 1.78 to 9.50 % Zn and > 800 t @ 100–110 ppm Ge) and is rich in colloform sphalerite with widespread occurrence of Ge-rich nanoparticles. Previous studies documented that Ge enrichment in sphalerite may be correlated to internal mechanisms, however, the impact of external factors, such as source and fluid mixing, on Ge enrichment is poorly understood. In this study, we applied in situ trace elements and S-Pb isotopic compositions to interpret the external controls influencing Ge distribution. New laser-ablation inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) analyses reveal that sphalerite contains very heterogeneous Ge contents from 221 to 1916 ppm (mean = 843 ppm Ge), positively correlating with Fe, Mn, and Pb and negatively with Cd concentrations. Sulfur isotopic compositions infer a predominant sulfur source (~ − 10 ‰) and a subordinate sulfur source (~ − 1 ‰). The Pb isotopic ratios of sphalerite plot on the upper crust curve, indicating a crustal source for the metals. The sulfur isotope geothermometer estimates the formation temperatures of sphalerite mainly below 250 °C and pH changes may cause the transition of sulfide phases. Trace elements and δ34S values indicate a predominant Ge-rich fluid and a subordinate Cd-rich fluid. The influxes of Cd-rich fluid are correlated with local Ge-poor zonings in sphalerite. We propose that fluid mixing can locally influence the Ge contents in sphalerite.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Geochemical Exploration is mostly dedicated to publication of original studies in exploration and environmental geochemistry and related topics.
Contributions considered of prevalent interest for the journal include researches based on the application of innovative methods to:
define the genesis and the evolution of mineral deposits including transfer of elements in large-scale mineralized areas.
analyze complex systems at the boundaries between bio-geochemistry, metal transport and mineral accumulation.
evaluate effects of historical mining activities on the surface environment.
trace pollutant sources and define their fate and transport models in the near-surface and surface environments involving solid, fluid and aerial matrices.
assess and quantify natural and technogenic radioactivity in the environment.
determine geochemical anomalies and set baseline reference values using compositional data analysis, multivariate statistics and geo-spatial analysis.
assess the impacts of anthropogenic contamination on ecosystems and human health at local and regional scale to prioritize and classify risks through deterministic and stochastic approaches.
Papers dedicated to the presentation of newly developed methods in analytical geochemistry to be applied in the field or in laboratory are also within the topics of interest for the journal.