Constant and cyclic shear stress regulate collagen fibers self-assembly

Collagen fibers are a key structural component in the plaques of atherosclerosis (AS), playing a vital role in regulating plaque stability. Investigating the factors that affect collagen fiber self-assembly and their mechanisms not only aid in assessing disease risk but also provide a theoretical basis for developing new therapeutic strategies. In this study, the plaque development patterns of high-fat diet fed ApoE^−/− mice were observed, and an in vitro simulation system was constructed to conduct further research. Experimental findings indicate that the application of constant shear stress is detrimental to collagen self-assembly, and the hindrance effect increases with the magnitude of the shear stress. Periodic shear stress exhibits a dual effect on collagen fiber self-assembly. Although the applied shear stress partially impedes the assembly process, it also disrupts structural networks that inhibit collagen organization, thereby enabling continued assembly. Compared to constant shear stress, periodic shear stress is more conducive to collagen fiber growth. These results deepen the understanding of collagen self-assembly and provide new theoretical foundations for disease treatment.