Effectiveness of dupilumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A retrospective study of clinical and imaging outcomes.

Objectives: To evaluate dupilumab's outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) cases.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out at Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospitals, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia on 145 adult CRSwNP patients treated with dupilumab between January 2020 and December 2023 following the European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2020 guidelines. Primary outcomes included changes in Lund-Mackay computed tomography (CT) scores, immunoglobulin E levels, and visual analog scale (VAS) smell score over +12 months.

Results: Significant improvements were noted post-treatment. Lund-Mackay CT scores decreased from 12.5 to 5.5 (p<0.001), and VAS smell scores dropped from 10.0 to 0.0 (p<0.001). Immunoglobulin E levels reduced from 250.5 to 63.5 (p<0.001). After treatment, 93.3% of patients avoided sinus surgery, 78.6% reported improved asthma status, and 60% used dupilumab as monotherapy.

Conclusion: This study supports dupilumab's effectiveness in treating severe CRSwNP, showing significant improvements in CT imaging and overall medical condition over 12 months. Dupilumab reduced systemic corticosteroid use and rescue surgeries. While promising, further trials are needed to validate its use as monotherapy. Identifying those who gain most from biologic therapy is crucial.