Performance optimization of Band Pass Filters and Wavelength Division Multiplexers for communication systems

The growing demand for compact, high-speed, and spectrally precise components in next-generation communication systems poses significant challenges in the design and optimization of photonic Band Pass Filters (BPFs) and Wavelength Division Multiplexers (WDMs). Conventional algorithms, such as Genetic and Taguchi Optimization (GTO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grasshopper Optimization (GRO), and Bald Eagle Search Optimization (BESO), often suffer from premature convergence, spectral inaccuracies, limited flexibility, and poor scalability when applied to complex, high-dimensional photonic structures. To address these limitations, this study introduces the Advanced Distributed Dynamic Differential Evolution (AD³E) algorithm, an advanced distributed optimization technique. Applied to 1D Si_yGe_1-y–SiO₂ photonic crystals, AD³E achieves outstanding results in BPFs with 99. 9814% Transmittivity and a 0.4 nm FWHM at the center wavelength of 1550 nm and WDMs with 99. 9579% Transmittivity, a 0.4 nm FWHM and 0.6 nm channel spacing to avoid crosstalk. The dynamic parameter adaptation of AD³E significantly outperforms static settings. Further validation shows less than 8% performance degradation under $\pm$5% fabrication tolerance while Wilcoxon signed-rank testing ($p<0.05$) confirms its statistical superiority over GTO, PSO, GRO, and BESO in 32 benchmark functions (30D and 100D). AD³E stands out as a powerful tool for next-generation photonic device optimization.