Development of a Novel Bionanocomposite Adsorbent for Adsorptive Separation of Dyestuff from Water

Since malachite green, a dye commonly used in the textile industry, fish farming (as a disinfectant), and trout facility wastewater, is poisonous to all living things, its removal is crucial for the environment and the health of all living organisms. In this study, an environmentally friendly composite bioadsorbent material was synthesized using seaweed-based biopolymer alginate and nanobioglass synthesized from natural materials. The characterization of the developed adsorbent material was performed. Malachite green, a disinfectant and dye causing serious environmental pollution, was adsorbed with the adsorbent developed. The effects of various parameters, including adsorbent amount, dye concentration, time, temperature, and pH, on the adsorption removal rate were investigated. To understand the adsorption behavior, adsorption isotherms, kinetic models, and thermodynamic parameters were examined. It was found that the data obtained through experiments were convenient with the Langmuir isotherm model, the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. As a consequence of the thermodynamic studies conducted with the help of the Van’t Hoff equation, a negative enthalpy difference value showed that the adsorption is exothermic. Negative entropy difference values indicated that physical adsorption occurs through electrostatic interactions. Additionally, the increase in the free energy difference with temperature showed that the probability of adsorption occurring at high temperatures is low. The statistical model analysis showed that the most effective variable on the removal was the time, with the highest F-value.