Wen-Bin He , Ji-Lin Fan , Qiong Zhang , Ya Jin , Wei Yuan , Quan-Wen Zhang
{"title":"利用随钻x射线测井(LWD)密度成像工具进行薄层识别","authors":"Wen-Bin He , Ji-Lin Fan , Qiong Zhang , Ya Jin , Wei Yuan , Quan-Wen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.05.022","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing demand for oil exploration and subsurface resource development, density imaging plays an increasingly important role in identifying thin layers. However, conventional density imaging tools are limited by poor vertical resolution and therefore suffer from errors in accurately estimating the thickness and relative dip angle of thin layers. This affects the accurate evaluation of thin layer oil and gas reserves. To address this issue, this study evaluates the feasibility of employing novel methods based on advanced tool design. First, an electronically controllable X-ray source is selected to replace the traditional Cs-137 source, aiming to improve the tool's vertical resolution while reducing the radioactive risks commonly associated with chemical sources. Simulation results show that the X-ray tool provides sufficient depth of investigation with better vertical resolution while maintaining the same level of measurement sensitivity. Once the tool design is established, Fisher's optimal segmentation method is improved to enhance the estimation of thin layer thickness and relative dip angle. This is completed by transforming identifying thin layer interface into a mathematical clustering problem. The thin layer interface is fitted using the nonlinear least squares method, which enables the calculation of its parameters. The results demonstrate a 38.5% reduction in RMSE (<em>root mean square error</em>) for thin layer thickness and a 33.7% reduction in RMSE for relative dip angle, demonstrating the superior performance of enhanced X-ray tool in thin layer identification. This study provides a new perspective on the design of density imaging tools and assessment of thin layer, which can help in future thin layer hydrocarbon reserves evaluation and development decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 6","pages":"Pages 2403-2413"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Thin layer identification using a theoretical X-ray logging while drilling (LWD) density imaging tool\",\"authors\":\"Wen-Bin He , Ji-Lin Fan , Qiong Zhang , Ya Jin , Wei Yuan , Quan-Wen Zhang\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.05.022\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>With the increasing demand for oil exploration and subsurface resource development, density imaging plays an increasingly important role in identifying thin layers. However, conventional density imaging tools are limited by poor vertical resolution and therefore suffer from errors in accurately estimating the thickness and relative dip angle of thin layers. This affects the accurate evaluation of thin layer oil and gas reserves. To address this issue, this study evaluates the feasibility of employing novel methods based on advanced tool design. First, an electronically controllable X-ray source is selected to replace the traditional Cs-137 source, aiming to improve the tool's vertical resolution while reducing the radioactive risks commonly associated with chemical sources. Simulation results show that the X-ray tool provides sufficient depth of investigation with better vertical resolution while maintaining the same level of measurement sensitivity. Once the tool design is established, Fisher's optimal segmentation method is improved to enhance the estimation of thin layer thickness and relative dip angle. This is completed by transforming identifying thin layer interface into a mathematical clustering problem. The thin layer interface is fitted using the nonlinear least squares method, which enables the calculation of its parameters. The results demonstrate a 38.5% reduction in RMSE (<em>root mean square error</em>) for thin layer thickness and a 33.7% reduction in RMSE for relative dip angle, demonstrating the superior performance of enhanced X-ray tool in thin layer identification. This study provides a new perspective on the design of density imaging tools and assessment of thin layer, which can help in future thin layer hydrocarbon reserves evaluation and development decisions.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19938,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Petroleum Science\",\"volume\":\"22 6\",\"pages\":\"Pages 2403-2413\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Petroleum Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S199582262500192X\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENERGY & FUELS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Petroleum Science","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S199582262500192X","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Thin layer identification using a theoretical X-ray logging while drilling (LWD) density imaging tool
With the increasing demand for oil exploration and subsurface resource development, density imaging plays an increasingly important role in identifying thin layers. However, conventional density imaging tools are limited by poor vertical resolution and therefore suffer from errors in accurately estimating the thickness and relative dip angle of thin layers. This affects the accurate evaluation of thin layer oil and gas reserves. To address this issue, this study evaluates the feasibility of employing novel methods based on advanced tool design. First, an electronically controllable X-ray source is selected to replace the traditional Cs-137 source, aiming to improve the tool's vertical resolution while reducing the radioactive risks commonly associated with chemical sources. Simulation results show that the X-ray tool provides sufficient depth of investigation with better vertical resolution while maintaining the same level of measurement sensitivity. Once the tool design is established, Fisher's optimal segmentation method is improved to enhance the estimation of thin layer thickness and relative dip angle. This is completed by transforming identifying thin layer interface into a mathematical clustering problem. The thin layer interface is fitted using the nonlinear least squares method, which enables the calculation of its parameters. The results demonstrate a 38.5% reduction in RMSE (root mean square error) for thin layer thickness and a 33.7% reduction in RMSE for relative dip angle, demonstrating the superior performance of enhanced X-ray tool in thin layer identification. This study provides a new perspective on the design of density imaging tools and assessment of thin layer, which can help in future thin layer hydrocarbon reserves evaluation and development decisions.
期刊介绍:
Petroleum Science is the only English journal in China on petroleum science and technology that is intended for professionals engaged in petroleum science research and technical applications all over the world, as well as the managerial personnel of oil companies. It covers petroleum geology, petroleum geophysics, petroleum engineering, petrochemistry & chemical engineering, petroleum mechanics, and economic management. It aims to introduce the latest results in oil industry research in China, promote cooperation in petroleum science research between China and the rest of the world, and build a bridge for scientific communication between China and the world.