Integrating the Food-Energy-Water Nexus: Strategies for climate change mitigation with SDG alignment

The Food–Energy–Water (FEW) nexus framework provides a comprehensive approach for understanding and managing interconnected systems of food production, energy use, and water resources. This review article explores the significance of the FEW Nexus in climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as its alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Climate change makes challenges concerning the FEW Nexus even more problematic, resulting in low yields and limited access to water and energy. The management of these connections requires a systematic approach because of the different linkages among the Food, Energy, and Water systems. This review article underscores the need for better practices in managing the FEW Nexus and the effective implementation of policies and appropriate technologies to support the complex issues involved. Sustainable agricultural practices, improved energy systems, and improved water usage are important for enhancing system resilience and efficiency. Integrated policies that align their objectives across the food, energy, and water sectors can help mitigate trade-offs and promote synergies. Most countries have focused on a single component of food, energy, and water management, while the combined approach would improve the relationship indicators and coping strategies for the SDGs as they are affected by climate change. Emphasizing the FEW Nexus in policy and practice is essential for developing effective strategies that support climate change mitigation and adaptation, ultimately contributing to a more resilient and equitable future.