伊朗中部铅锌矿周围土壤和作物中有毒金属的人类健康风险评估：人类生物可及性和作物生物可利用性的影响

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Journal of Geochemical Exploration Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI:10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107855

Giti Forghani Tehrani , David A. Rubinos , Afshin Qishlaqi , Margaret C. Graham

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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究评价了伊朗中部一个重要铅锌矿（Irankuh）附近土壤和作物（辣椒、莴苣、莴苣和黄瓜）中As、Cd、Pb和Zn的潜在有毒元素（pte）的污染和人类健康风险。为此，分析了土壤中这些pte的总浓度、作物生物可利用浓度和人类生物可及浓度（n = 75）以及选定作物可食用部分的总浓度（n = 14），并将其与潜在的人类健康风险联系起来。采用美国环保局人类健康风险评估（HHRA）方法，通过确定性和概率（蒙特卡罗模拟，MCS）方法，对土壤和作物中pte的非致癌性和致癌性风险（NCR和CR）进行评估。矿区附近土壤中总砷、镉、铅和锌的累积异常，但土壤中作物的生物可利用浓度和作物中砷、镉、铅和锌的含量依次为As >；Pb祝辞Cd比;锌。基于土壤总元素浓度的HHRA结果表明，对于三种暴露途径（摄入、皮肤接触和吸入）以及任何考虑的PTE，儿童的平均NCR危害系数（HQtotal）高于成人（通过摄入4-8倍，通过皮肤接触2倍，通过吸入1.5倍）。儿童和成人通过摄入和皮肤接触的HQtotal最高，而Cd通过吸入途径的HQtotal最高。土壤中砷和镉的浓度通过摄入途径对儿童造成CR。尽管基于人体生物可及性pte浓度的HHRA得出的风险指数要低得多，但这表明儿童通过摄入途径存在砷和镉对Pb和CR的NCR。作物分析表明，Cd、As和Zn在莴苣中具有最高的转运因子（TF）和估计日摄入量（EDI），而Pb的转运因子和估计日摄入量（EDI）在莴苣中最高。儿童Pb的总总HQ （THQ）为1，表明食用受污染的作物必须被视为对该年龄组的主要威胁。同样，通过食用研究区域的作物，砷（儿童）和镉（成人和儿童）的CR是可能的。研究结果强调了考虑矿区污染物的人体生物可及性和作物生物可利用性含量的必要性，以便更准确地评估可能的健康风险并保护当地社区。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Human health risk assessment of toxic metal(loid)s in soils and crops around a PbZn mine, Central Iran: Implications of human bioaccessibility and bioavailability to crops

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Human health risk assessment of toxic metal(loid)s in soils and crops around a PbZn mine, Central Iran: Implications of human bioaccessibility and bioavailability to crops

This study evaluates the pollution and human health risks due to the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) As, Cd, Pb and Zn occurrence in soils and crops (Capsicum annum, Raphanus sativus, Lepidium sativum, and Cucumis sativus) in the vicinity of an important PbZn mine (Irankuh) in Central Iran. To these aims, the total, crops bioavailable and human bioaccessible concentrations of these PTEs in the soils (n = 75) and their total concentrations in edible parts of selected crops (n = 14), were analyzed and related with potential human health risks. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks (NCR and CR) of PTEs in the soils and crops were assessed by the USEPA's human health risk assessment (HHRA) method, through both deterministic and probabilistic (Monte Carlo simulation, MCS) approaches. Anomalous accumulation of total As, Cd, Pb and Zn in the soils collected near the mining site was found, though the crops bioavailable concentrations of the elements in the soils and their contents in crops followed the order As > Pb > Cd > Zn. The HHRA outcomes based on soil's total element concentrations showed that, for the three routes of exposure −ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation− and any considered PTE, the average NCR Hazard Quotient (HQ_total) for children is higher (4–8 times through ingestion, 2 times through dermal contact, and 1.5 times through inhalation) than for adults. While Pb has the highest HQ_total for children and adults through ingestion and dermal contact, Cd has the highest HQ_total values through the inhalation route. The concentrations of As and Cd in soils pose a CR for children through the ingestion route. Even though HHRA based on human bioaccessible PTEs concentrations yielded much lower risk indexes, it indicates that there is NCR due to Pb and CR by As and Cd for children through ingestion route. Crop analysis revealed that Cd, As, and Zn have the highest Transfer Factor (TF) and Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) in Lepidium sativum, while the maximum TF and EDI for Pb were recorded in Raphanus sativus. The total HQ (THQ) for children is >1 for Pb, indicating that the consumption of contaminated crops must be considered as a major threat to that age group. Likewise, the CR of As (for children) and Cd (for adults and children) by consuming crops from the study area is probable. The results of the study emphasize on the necessity of considering the human bioaccessible and crop bioavailable contents of pollutants in mining areas to obtain a more accurate evaluation of the possible health risks and protect local communities.

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来源期刊

Journal of Geochemical Exploration 地学-地球化学与地球物理

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

7.70%

发文量

148

审稿时长

8.1 months

期刊介绍： Journal of Geochemical Exploration is mostly dedicated to publication of original studies in exploration and environmental geochemistry and related topics. Contributions considered of prevalent interest for the journal include researches based on the application of innovative methods to: define the genesis and the evolution of mineral deposits including transfer of elements in large-scale mineralized areas. analyze complex systems at the boundaries between bio-geochemistry, metal transport and mineral accumulation. evaluate effects of historical mining activities on the surface environment. trace pollutant sources and define their fate and transport models in the near-surface and surface environments involving solid, fluid and aerial matrices. assess and quantify natural and technogenic radioactivity in the environment. determine geochemical anomalies and set baseline reference values using compositional data analysis, multivariate statistics and geo-spatial analysis. assess the impacts of anthropogenic contamination on ecosystems and human health at local and regional scale to prioritize and classify risks through deterministic and stochastic approaches. Papers dedicated to the presentation of newly developed methods in analytical geochemistry to be applied in the field or in laboratory are also within the topics of interest for the journal.