新冠肺炎疫情对北马其顿儿童肥胖影响的比较研究

Аrjeta Raufi, Danijela Vojtikiv Samoilovska, Naser Durmishi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

儿童肥胖是一个日益严重的全球健康问题,北马其顿是超重和肥胖患病率最高的10个欧洲国家之一。本研究旨在通过比较疫情前后收集的数据,评估COVID-19大流行对儿童体重指数(BMI)的影响。一项前瞻性横断面研究于2022年2月至4月进行,涉及北马其顿西北部地区的1004名儿童(6-13岁)。这些发现与2019年的回顾性数据进行了比较,其中包括1034名同年龄组的参与者。我们的研究结果表明,限制性措施导致超重患病率从2019年的13.5%增加到2022年的15.9%,肥胖率从19.6%增加到21.9%。总体而言,超重和肥胖的综合患病率在此期间从33.0%上升到37.4%。统计分析证实,大流行与儿童肥胖率增加之间存在显著关联(Pearson卡方检验:χ2 = 13.813, df = 3, p < 0.003)。还观察到性别差异。2019年,男孩超重和肥胖的发生率是女孩的1.42倍(OR = 1.42;95% ci: 1.09-1.84)。到2022年,这一比例略有上升至1.45 (OR = 1.45;95% ci: 1.12-1.88)。此外,与2019年相比,2022年营养不良率普遍下降。6岁男孩的营养不良显著减少(p = 0.008),总体男孩(p = 0.017)。根据世界肥胖联合会(WOF)的数据,如果不实施有效的预防和干预策略,到2030年,北马其顿的儿童超重和肥胖率可能会上升到52.4%,这意味着每两个儿童中就有一个受到影响。这些发现突出表明,迫切需要采取有针对性的公共卫生行动,以减轻儿童肥胖的长期后果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Childhood Obesity in North Macedonia: A Comparative Study.

Childhood obesity is an escalating global health concern, with North Macedonia ranking among the top 10 European countries with a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's Body Mass Index (BMI) by comparing data collected before and after the pandemic. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted between February and April 2022, involving 1,004 children (ages 6-13) from the northwestern region of North Macedonia. These findings were compared with retrospective data from 2019, which included 1,034 participants of the same age group. Our results indicate that restrictive measures contributed to an increase in overweight prevalence from 13.5% in 2019 to 15.9% in 2022 and obesity from 19.6% to 21.9%. Overall, the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity rose from 33.0% to 37.4% during this period. The statistical analysis confirmed a significant association between the pandemic and increased childhood obesity rates (Pearson's Chi-Square test: χ2 = 13.813, df = 3, p < 0.003). Gender disparities were also observed. In 2019, overweight and obesity were 1.42 times more common in boys than in girls (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.09-1.84). By 2022, this ratio had slightly increased to 1.45 (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.12-1.88). Furthermore, a general decrease in undernutrition was observed in 2022 compared to 2019. A significant reduction in undernutrition was noted among boys aged six (p = 0.008) and overall among boys (p = 0.017). According to the World Obesity Federation (WOF), if no effective prevention and intervention strategies are implemented, North Macedonia could see childhood overweight and obesity rates rise to 52.4% by 2030-meaning that one in two children would be affected. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted public health initiatives to mitigate the long-term consequences of childhood obesity.

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