评估暖通空调气流调节策略以减少办公环境中的短期气溶胶传播。

IF 3.9 2区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Mina A Saad, Amr Hassan, Ahmed Hanafy, Mahmoud Salem, Micheal William
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引用次数: 0

摘要

室内环境中呼吸道病原体的空气传播仍然是一个重大的全球卫生挑战。虽然现有的研究广泛地解决了通风的有效性,但迫切需要了解特定的扩散器放置位置如何影响咳嗽事件后的早期气溶胶分散。本研究采用计算流体力学(CFD)、欧拉-拉格朗日方法和离散相模型分析了不同空气分布构型下液滴的初始输运、蒸发和核浓度。结果表明,传统的平行排气配置虽然能有效地降低粒子的总质量,但在短期内不能控制感染核的横向扩散。相比之下,与传统布局相比,将排气扩散器放置在咳嗽源上方可减少约40%的横向颗粒扩散。此外,保持世卫组织建议的两米距离可使早期分散阶段的颗粒数浓度减少82-89%。这些发现强调了在机械通风的办公环境中,在咳嗽事件发生后,扩散器的放置对于控制短期颗粒扩散的重要性。该研究的范围仅限于10秒模拟周期内的早期扩散动力学,需要进一步研究以评估长期气溶胶悬浮液、去除机制和感染风险。尽管如此,研究结果为暖通空调设计提供了实用的见解,并支持将通风策略与物理距离措施相结合,以降低近场暴露风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Assessing HVAC airflow modulation strategies to reduce short-term aerosol transmission in office environments.

Assessing HVAC airflow modulation strategies to reduce short-term aerosol transmission in office environments.

Assessing HVAC airflow modulation strategies to reduce short-term aerosol transmission in office environments.

Assessing HVAC airflow modulation strategies to reduce short-term aerosol transmission in office environments.

Airborne transmission of respiratory pathogens in indoor environments remains a significant global health challenge. While existing research broadly addresses ventilation effectiveness, there is a critical need to understand how specific diffuser placements influence early-phase aerosol dispersion immediately following a cough event. This study uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach and the Discrete Phase Model to analyze initial droplet transport, evaporation, and nuclei concentration under different air distribution configurations. The results demonstrate that conventional parallel exhaust configurations, though effective at reducing overall particle mass, can fail to control the lateral spread of infectious nuclei in the short term. In contrast, placing exhaust diffusers above the cough source reduces the lateral particle spread by approximately 40% compared to conventional layouts. Additionally, maintaining the WHO-recommended two-meter distance results in an 82-89% reduction in particle number concentration during the early dispersion phase. These findings underscore the importance of diffuser placement for controlling short-term particle dispersion immediately after a cough event in mechanically ventilated office environments. The study's scope is limited to early-phase dispersion dynamics within a 10-second simulation period, and further research is needed to assess long-term aerosol suspension, removal mechanisms, and infection risk. Nonetheless, the results offer practical insights for HVAC design and support the integration of ventilation strategies with physical distancing measures to reduce near-field exposure risks.

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来源期刊
Scientific Reports
Scientific Reports Natural Science Disciplines-
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
4.30%
发文量
19567
审稿时长
3.9 months
期刊介绍: We publish original research from all areas of the natural sciences, psychology, medicine and engineering. You can learn more about what we publish by browsing our specific scientific subject areas below or explore Scientific Reports by browsing all articles and collections. Scientific Reports has a 2-year impact factor: 4.380 (2021), and is the 6th most-cited journal in the world, with more than 540,000 citations in 2020 (Clarivate Analytics, 2021). •Engineering Engineering covers all aspects of engineering, technology, and applied science. It plays a crucial role in the development of technologies to address some of the world''s biggest challenges, helping to save lives and improve the way we live. •Physical sciences Physical sciences are those academic disciplines that aim to uncover the underlying laws of nature — often written in the language of mathematics. It is a collective term for areas of study including astronomy, chemistry, materials science and physics. •Earth and environmental sciences Earth and environmental sciences cover all aspects of Earth and planetary science and broadly encompass solid Earth processes, surface and atmospheric dynamics, Earth system history, climate and climate change, marine and freshwater systems, and ecology. It also considers the interactions between humans and these systems. •Biological sciences Biological sciences encompass all the divisions of natural sciences examining various aspects of vital processes. The concept includes anatomy, physiology, cell biology, biochemistry and biophysics, and covers all organisms from microorganisms, animals to plants. •Health sciences The health sciences study health, disease and healthcare. This field of study aims to develop knowledge, interventions and technology for use in healthcare to improve the treatment of patients.
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