儿童和青少年注意缺陷/多动障碍的性别差异:文献综述。

Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-06-19 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/frcha.2025.1582502
Danilo Dimitri, Giuliana Delia, Francesco Cavallo, Matteo Varini, Franco Fioretto
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要:本系统综述旨在综合6-18岁男性和女性注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)症状学和行为差异的现有研究。多动症是一种普遍的神经发育障碍,在性别上表现不同,潜在地影响着这种疾病的诊断、治疗和整体管理。方法:根据系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告项目2020 (PRISMA指南),我们进行了全面的文献检索,并确定了2008年至2024年间发表的67条符合我们纳入标准的记录。这篇综述研究了直接的性别差异——将女性多动症患者与男性多动症患者进行比较——以及这种疾病的性别特异性影响,揭示了微妙的妥协模式。结果:研究结果分为七个主题领域:核心症状、执行和注意力表现、神经精神运动方面、精神病理方面、行为和社会方面、物质使用和学习成绩。男性和女性ADHD患者之间的差异已经在几个领域得到强调,包括核心症状的患病率和强度、认知功能以及外化与内化行为的性质。值得注意的是,在症状表现方式上观察到差异,例如攻击性和情绪调节。此外,该综述强调了ADHD的影响如何受到受试者性别的影响,特别是对神经精神运动发育、社会互动和自尊的影响。还探讨了与年龄有关的症状和认知功能演变的差异,揭示了两性之间发展轨迹的差异。结论:全面了解与ADHD相关的性别特异性对于告知有效的诊断和治疗策略至关重要。这篇综述强调需要进一步的研究来阐明这些差异,最终为ADHD管理提供更有针对性和性别敏感的方法。系统评审注册:https://doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2025.4.0093,标识符INPLASY202540093。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Sex differences in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a literature review.

Introduction: This systematic review aimed to synthesize existing research on the symptomatological and behavioural differences between male and female attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in individuals aged 6-18 years. ADHD is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests differently across genders, potentially impacting the diagnosis, treatment, and overall management of the condition.

Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 (PRISMA guidelines), we conducted a comprehensive literature search and identified 67 records published between 2008 and 2024 that met our inclusion criteria. The review examined both direct sex differences-comparing female ADHD subjects to their male counterparts-and the disorder's sex-specific effects, revealing nuanced patterns of compromission.

Results: Findings were organized into seven thematic areas: core symptoms, executive and attention performance, neuropsychomotor aspects, psychopathological aspects, behavioural and social aspects, substance use and academic performance. Differences between males and females with ADHD have been highlighted across several domains, including prevalence and intensity of core symptoms, cognitive functioning, and the nature of externalizing vs internalizing behaviours. Notably, variations were observed in the ways symptoms manifest, such as in aggression and emotional regulation. Furthermore, the review highlighted how ADHD's impact is influenced by the subject's sex, specifically affecting neuropsychomotor development, social interactions, and self-esteem. Age-related differences concerning the evolution of symptoms and cognitive functions were also explored, shedding light on how developmental trajectories may differ between sexes.

Conclusion: A comprehensive understanding of sex specificity in relation to ADHD is critical for informing effective diagnosis and treatment strategies. This review underscores the need for further research to elucidate these differences, ultimately contributing to more tailored and sex-sensitive approaches in ADHD management.

Systematic review registration: https://doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2025.4.0093, identifier INPLASY202540093.

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