Attitudes on antibiotic prescription and antimicrobial resistance awareness: a cross-sectional study among Albanian dentists.

Introduction: Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928 revolutionized the treatment of infections, including those in dentistry. Nowadays, dentists are the second most common prescribers of antibiotics worldwide. However, inappropriate use has led to increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is a growing global health issue. The World Health Organization has highlighted the impact of AMR on treatment efficacy, morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the misuse of antibiotics further exacerbated resistance, as unnecessary prescriptions and extended regimens diminished their effectiveness. Across Europe, excessive antibiotic use that is not aligned with guidelines has become common. Therefore, careful consideration is needed before prescribing antibiotics to minimize resistance risks.

Methodology: Our study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use and AMR among Albanian dentists. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among dentists in private clinics, academic staff, and dental students enrolled in specialization schools from November 2023 to April 2024.

Results: The study found high antibiotic prescription rates, often exceeding guidelines, with a significant proportion of dentists prescribing antibiotics every week. Common issues included overuse and inappropriate dosages, contributing to antibiotic resistance.

Conclusions: The findings underline the need for improved AMR awareness and adherence to guidelines among Albanian dentists, emphasizing the necessity for updated education and better stewardship practices to combat antibiotic resistance.