Mapping Physiotherapy Approaches for Stroke Survivors in Catalonia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, prompting significant interest in rehabilitation. Despite existing recommendations and clinical guidelines, the current state of stroke rehabilitation practices in Catalonia remains unclear. This study aims to identify physiotherapists' main approaches for stroke survivors in Catalonia across recovery stages.

Methods: An observational study was conducted via an anonymous survey distributed among all the registered members of the College of Physiotherapists of Catalonia (CPC). A total of 118 physiotherapists from both the public and private sector participated. The study collected data on therapists' experience, preferred therapeutic modalities, user demographics, and work settings. The data was collected from January to March, 2023.

Results: The survey on stroke rehabilitation approaches showed that 57.60% of participants use a mix of methods (Basal Stimulation, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF), neurodevelopmental or neurocognitive therapy) tailored to individuals or stroke stages, regardless of the work setting. Regarding the techniques, the most used were passive mobilization, stretching, task-oriented approaches, motor imagery, intensive therapy, mirror therapy, and balance training. In contrast, electrotherapy, music therapy, mindfulness, and advanced technologies were the least used.

Conclusions: Physiotherapists did not rely on a single technique or approach; instead, they combined various methods. Therefore, we are unable to definitively determine what constitutes conventional physiotherapy. Considering this ambiguity, it is recommended to explicitly identify the techniques and methods used during conventional physical therapy in all scientific studies.

Clinical trial registration: No: NCT05546840. 15 September 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05546840?cond=NCT05546840&rank.