介孔金属电合成氨的微环境工程研究进展、机理及展望。

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Lizhi Sun, Ben Liu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

电催化硝酸还原制氨(NO3——制氨)是利用可再生电力在环境条件下将NO3-废水转化为高附加值NH3的一条有前景的途径。设计强大的电催化剂,促进完成复杂的加氢脱氧步骤是NO3-高效电合成NH3的主要挑战。介孔金属作为一类极好的介孔功能材料,不仅保留了在原子/分子水平上控制硝酸电催化还原反应(eNO3RR)的能力,而且在纳米限制的介孔微环境中诱导出新的物理化学性质。在这篇文章中,我们概述了我们最近在工程介孔金属表面微环境以提高电催化NO3—制nh3性能方面的进展。我们首先引入纳米约束效应来验证介孔金属对en3rr中关键中间体的作用机理。与传统的无孔介质不同,介孔金属的纳米尺度孔隙和通道对含氮中间体和活性氢(*H)自由基具有很强的纳米限制,这促进了NO3-通过多步加氢脱氧途径进行更深层次的电还原,并产生了显著的NH3选择性。为了解决长介孔严重限制传质效率的关键挑战,设计了分层介孔金属,包括中空介孔纳米管和介孔纳米腔,有效地实现了NH3产率和选择性的协同促进。接下来,开发了一种具有分离金属活性位点的酶样串联电催化剂,以减轻en3rr的动力学屏障,从而实现超低过电位下的NH3电合成。通过与介孔金属的阳极氧反应耦合,作为双功能电催化剂,进一步促进了en3rr的活性,并以更可持续的方式为NH3电合成提供了更好的性能。最后,我们提出了设计功能介孔金属电催化剂的局限性和挑战,并对eNO3RR技术的进一步发展提出了展望。我们希望这篇论文将为设计高效介孔金属提供一种新的选择,优化表面微环境,用于选择性电催化和其他领域。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Microenvironment Engineering of Mesoporous Metals for Ammonia Electrosynthesis from Nitrate: Advances, Mechanisms, and Prospects.

ConspectusElectrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia (NO3--to-NH3) offers a promising pathway to convert NO3- wastewater to high-value-added NH3 under ambient conditions with renewable electricity. The design of robust electrocatalysts that facilitate the completion of complex hydrodeoxygenation steps is a major challenge for efficient NH3 electrosynthesis from NO3-. Mesoporous metals, as a fantastic class of mesoscopic functional materials, not only retain the ability to control electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reactions (eNO3RR) at the atomic/molecular level but also induce new physicochemical properties with the nanoconfined mesoporous microenvironment. In this Account, we outline our recent progress in engineering the surface microenvironment of mesoporous metals to enhance the electrocatalytic NO3--to-NH3 performance.We start by introducing nanoconfinement effects to validate the mechanism of mesoporous metals on key intermediates in eNO3RR. Unlike conventional nonporous counterparts, nanoscale pores and channels of mesoporous metals present strong nanoconfinement of nitrogen-containing intermediates and active hydrogen (*H) radicals, which promotes the deeper electroreduction of NO3- by multistep hydrodeoxygenation routes and results in remarkable NH3 selectivity. To resolve the key challenge of longer mesopores that severely limit mass transfer efficiency, hierarchical mesoporous metals, including hollow mesoporous nanotubes and mesoporous nanocavities, are designed that effectively realize the synergistic promotion of NH3 yield rate and selectivity. Next, an enzyme-like tandem electrocatalyst with separated metal active sites is developed to alleviate the kinetic barrier of eNO3RR, which thus achieves NH3 electrosynthesis at ultralow overpotentials. Through coupling with anode oxygen reactions with mesoporous metals as a bifunctional electrocatalyst, eNO3RR is further promoted and delivers better performance for NH3 electrosynthesis in a more sustainable manner. Finally, we present the limitations and challenges in designing functional mesoporous metal electrocatalysts and propose prospects for further development of eNO3RR technologies. We hope that this Account will open an alternative in designing efficient mesoporous metals with optimized surface microenvironments for selective electrocatalysis and beyond.

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来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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