Transcriptomics insight into occupational exposure to engineered nanoparticles.

Aim: To investigate the effect of acute (daily) inhalation of nanoparticles (NPs) on the transcriptomic profile of male nanocomposite research workers with a history of long-term exposure (years).

Materials & methods: Whole genome mRNA and miRNA expression changes were analyzed from blood samples collected before and after machining or welding. Exposure in the work environment was assessed using stationary and personal monitoring.

Results: Following PM0.1 exposure, a significant decrease in the expression of DDIT4 and FKBP5, genes involved in the stress response, was detected in exposed workers. In the Machining group, the DDIT4 expression correlated with the exposure dose. Increased levels of miR30-d-5p and miR-3613-5p (both involved in carcinogenesis) in welders were associated with the NP exposure dose, highlighting their potential suitability as inhalation exposure markers.

Conclusion: The results from this pilot transcriptomic analysis (mRNA and miRNA) indicate that exposure to NPs contributes to immune system deregulation and alters the pathways related to cancer. Therefore, the use of protective equipment, as well as obtaining more data by additional research, is highly recommended.