Injectable Multifunctional Hemostatic Adhesive for the Hemostasis of Non-Compressible Hemorrhage and Anti-Infection of Bacterial Wounds.

Non-compressible hemorrhage and bacterial infection remain as the primary challenges in emergency surgery and war trauma. To better control hemorrhage immediately from non-compressible wounds, an injectable double-network multifunctional hemostatic adhesive GelMA/QCS/Ca²⁺ based on gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), quaternary ammonium chitosan (QCS) and calcium ions is designed. The adhesive formation is based on the blue light-triggered crosslinking of GelMA and the synergistic hydrogen bond between GelMA and QCS. The results show that the fast adhesive triggered by blue light provides rapid hemostatic ability through sealing blood vessels, including tail amputation, puncture femoral artery, liver puncture, and hepatectomy. A series of in vitro and in vivo hemostatic and antibacterial models in mice indicate that GelMA/QCS/Ca²⁺ adhesive exhibits better hemostatic and antibacterial abilities than the commercially available adhesive fibrin glue and the hemostatic hydrogels with a single function. GelMA/QCS/Ca²⁺ adhesive has broad application prospects as a hemostatic wound dressing in the emergency treatment of non-compressible hemorrhage and bacterial infection of wounds.