Andrea Otero, María Jesús Sayagués, Francisco Javier Romero, Francisco José Gotor and Rocío Moriche*,
{"title":"高β相含量BaTiO3/PVDF-TrFE复合材料的压电和介电响应","authors":"Andrea Otero, María Jesús Sayagués, Francisco Javier Romero, Francisco José Gotor and Rocío Moriche*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c00620","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >The search for flexible piezoelectric materials to build adaptable sensors, electronics, and nanogenerators has become a key area of interest. The addition of piezoceramic particles to piezoelectric polymers, such as the copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE), is one of the strategies used to enhance the piezoelectric response. In this work, the effect of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> content on the β-phase formation, crystallization, and piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the polymer-based composites is investigated. High-energy ball milling was used as an effective, greener technique to achieve well-dispersed mixtures compared to those obtained using organic solvents. During the dispersion process, amorphization and reduction of the crystalline domain size occur. After compression molding and postprocessing, the crystallinity was recovered and was strongly dependent on the filler content. Although significant differences in the β-phase fraction were not observed, conformational defects are induced with high BaTiO<sub>3</sub> contents. The interlayer distances became smaller due to the presence of the ceramic particles after compression molding and remained almost unchanged after postprocessing. For the composites, the minimum voltage required to obtain a measurable piezoelectric coefficient (<i>d</i><sub><i>33</i></sub>) was significantly reduced compared to neat PVDF-TrFE, even for low contents, which is key for real applications. Three different piezoelectric behaviors were found depending on the BaTiO<sub>3</sub> fraction. For composites with 40 vol %, where both matrix and filler contribute to the overall piezoelectric response, the use of a two-step poling method induced a synergistic effect with an increase in <i>d</i><sub><i>33</i></sub> of ∼180%. However, the relaxation of the ceramic contribution after 24 h returns the value of <i>d</i><sub><i>33</i></sub> to that obtained by applying a one-step poling strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 12","pages":"7848–7858"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12210282/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Piezoelectric and Dielectric Response of BaTiO3/PVDF-TrFE Composites with High β-Phase Content\",\"authors\":\"Andrea Otero, María Jesús Sayagués, Francisco Javier Romero, Francisco José Gotor and Rocío Moriche*, \",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acsapm.5c00620\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p >The search for flexible piezoelectric materials to build adaptable sensors, electronics, and nanogenerators has become a key area of interest. The addition of piezoceramic particles to piezoelectric polymers, such as the copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE), is one of the strategies used to enhance the piezoelectric response. In this work, the effect of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> content on the β-phase formation, crystallization, and piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the polymer-based composites is investigated. High-energy ball milling was used as an effective, greener technique to achieve well-dispersed mixtures compared to those obtained using organic solvents. During the dispersion process, amorphization and reduction of the crystalline domain size occur. After compression molding and postprocessing, the crystallinity was recovered and was strongly dependent on the filler content. Although significant differences in the β-phase fraction were not observed, conformational defects are induced with high BaTiO<sub>3</sub> contents. The interlayer distances became smaller due to the presence of the ceramic particles after compression molding and remained almost unchanged after postprocessing. For the composites, the minimum voltage required to obtain a measurable piezoelectric coefficient (<i>d</i><sub><i>33</i></sub>) was significantly reduced compared to neat PVDF-TrFE, even for low contents, which is key for real applications. Three different piezoelectric behaviors were found depending on the BaTiO<sub>3</sub> fraction. For composites with 40 vol %, where both matrix and filler contribute to the overall piezoelectric response, the use of a two-step poling method induced a synergistic effect with an increase in <i>d</i><sub><i>33</i></sub> of ∼180%. 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Piezoelectric and Dielectric Response of BaTiO3/PVDF-TrFE Composites with High β-Phase Content
The search for flexible piezoelectric materials to build adaptable sensors, electronics, and nanogenerators has become a key area of interest. The addition of piezoceramic particles to piezoelectric polymers, such as the copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE), is one of the strategies used to enhance the piezoelectric response. In this work, the effect of BaTiO3 content on the β-phase formation, crystallization, and piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the polymer-based composites is investigated. High-energy ball milling was used as an effective, greener technique to achieve well-dispersed mixtures compared to those obtained using organic solvents. During the dispersion process, amorphization and reduction of the crystalline domain size occur. After compression molding and postprocessing, the crystallinity was recovered and was strongly dependent on the filler content. Although significant differences in the β-phase fraction were not observed, conformational defects are induced with high BaTiO3 contents. The interlayer distances became smaller due to the presence of the ceramic particles after compression molding and remained almost unchanged after postprocessing. For the composites, the minimum voltage required to obtain a measurable piezoelectric coefficient (d33) was significantly reduced compared to neat PVDF-TrFE, even for low contents, which is key for real applications. Three different piezoelectric behaviors were found depending on the BaTiO3 fraction. For composites with 40 vol %, where both matrix and filler contribute to the overall piezoelectric response, the use of a two-step poling method induced a synergistic effect with an increase in d33 of ∼180%. However, the relaxation of the ceramic contribution after 24 h returns the value of d33 to that obtained by applying a one-step poling strategy.
期刊介绍:
ACS Applied Polymer Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of engineering, chemistry, physics, and biology relevant to applications of polymers.
The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrates fundamental knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, polymer science and chemistry into important polymer applications. The journal is specifically interested in work that addresses relationships among structure, processing, morphology, chemistry, properties, and function as well as work that provide insights into mechanisms critical to the performance of the polymer for applications.